Formulation of the problem. The incorporation of any reclamation system into the existing landscape complexes leads to increased contrast of environments and activation of material-energy-information flows. The construction of the reclamation system in the basin of the Trubizh River radically changed the landscape structure of the riverbed and floodplain, which led to a significant impact on the adjacent landscape complexes. Trubizh water management landscape-technical system goes beyond one river valley, so ill-considered economic activity can lead to deterioration of the ecological condition of adjacent landscape complexes. The study of anthropogenic paradynamic connections between different landscape structures will provide a better understanding of the functioning of the Trubizh water management landscape-technical system and the peculiarities of interaction with adjacent landscapes, which, in turn, will predict its further development and develop ways of rational use. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the Trubizh water management landscape-technical system as an anthropogenic paradynamic system. Methods. The process of transformation of natural paradynamic connections into anthropogenic and formation of anthropogenic paradynamic landscape complexes with the help of databases of GIS packages SAS.Planet.Release and GoogleEarthPro is analyzed. The research was conducted using the following methods: system analysis, generalization, comparative-geographical, final results, cartographic, GIS-method. To analyze anthropogenic paradynamic landscape complexes and anthropogenic paradynamic connections between them, GIS packages were used, with the help of databases the process of restructuring of natural paradynamic connections into anthropogenic and formation of anthropogenic paradynamic landscape complexes was analyzed. Results. Because the Trubizh water management landscape-technical system extends beyond one river valley (covering floodplain, floodplain terrace and slope types of areas), it unites the entire river basin into a single whole with the help of anthropogenic paradynamic connections. This poses a threat to the environment, as ill-considered economic activities can lead to the deterioration of the ecological condition of landscape complexes both within one basin and have a negative impact on adjacent basins. Factors in the functioning of paradynamic connections are due to the presence of external and internal links, contrast and spatial dependence between the interacting landscapes complexes. External anthropogenic paradynamic connections include: thermal – the effect of solar radiation on the landscape; mechanical – gravitational influence of watersheds on the low-lying channel-floodplain complex; aquatic – the influence of surface and groundwater on the supply of rivers and the chemical composition of water; social – the impact of economic activity. The internal anthropogenic paradynamic connections include: biocosnic (interaction between living and nonliving matter) and biotic (biocenosis interaction between components). Scientific novelty. The study of paradynamic connections in this complex natural economic structure will provide a better understanding of the features of its functioning and decline, to develop ways of rational use and predict its further development.
The problems of the current state of possibilities of reconstruction and rational use of regional reclamation landscape technical systems have been considered. It has been noted that for studying the process of their formation and modern functioning GIS-method (GIS-packages SAS.Planet.Release and GoogleEarthPro) were used in addition to field landscape research. The meaning of the concept of “reclamation landscape technical system” as a structure in which interconnected hydraulic structures and water bodies that are necessary to ensure and maintain the optimal operation mode of the reclamation landscape complex has been clarified. The main types of reclamation such as hydraulic, cultural, chemical, agrotechnical and agroforestrytechnical have been partially discribed. The essence of the concept of “hydraulic reclamation” as a set of measures aimed at improving the water- air (waterlogging and dehydration) regime of soils has been considered more detailed. The expediency of resumption of reclamation measures in the territory of Ukraine has been confirmed, as 2/3 of its area is in conditions of unfavorable water regime. This study is focused on the analysis of drainage and humidification systems as the most effective in ensuring the regulation of excessive moisture or its deficit. It has been shown that the peak of reclamation works and construction of reclamation landscape technical systems was observed 1950–1965. The largest irrigation, drainage, polder and drainage-humidification systems in Ukraine have been discribed. It has been found that the decline of reclamation systems began in 1991 and was characterized by a reduction in the area of irrigated and drained lands and the deterioration of their ecological condition. Emphasis has been placed on the study of regional drainage and humidification systems and three stages of their development in Ukraine have been identified. Possible measures for the rational use of reclamation systems on the example of the Trubizh regional drainage and humidification landscape technical system have been proposed. It has been noted that the development of regional plans for the rational use of this system should be based on the analysis of the history of economic development of the Trubizh river basin and taking into account the specifics of the landscape structure of the canal-floodplain type. Reconstruction of the reclamation system has been recommended to conduct in two stages: the first one is based on the modernization of hydraulic structures and the main canal, the second one is based on the internal and landscape structure of the system. The feasibility of partial restructuring of the open network for closed drainage and the creation of temporary drainage channels has been confirmed, which will allow more rational use of resources of the Trubizh reclamation landscape technical system.
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