This study observes the factors affecting the changes of energy intensity in Indonesia and five selected Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries during the period particularly measuring its impact during 1997 financial crisis. By employing the Logaritmic Mean Divisia Index, this study summaries that the changes in energy intensity in the ASEAN-6 economies was a result of the changes within industry energy intensity (intensity effect). The intensity effects also provide a proxy measure of energy efficiency activity at the sectoral level. Overall, the general direction of the intensity effect in all ASEAN countries is downward. These decreasing intensity effects show that the trend towards technological changes in ASEAN countries has assisted significantly in increasing energy efficiency. Further, all the ASEAN-6 countries showed a change in the structure index indicates that the structure of economy periodically shifted away from less energy intensive sector to more energy intensive sector.
The Indonesian Constitution mandates the government to keep the food sovereignty in terms of availability, affordability, and the fulfillment of adequate food consumption with safety, quality, and nutritionally balanced. In food politics, the government has a number of policies and programs to achieve food self-sufficiency such as the provision of agricultural land, fertilizer, pesticides, seeds, irrigation, farmers' education, and financing supports. In terms of fiscal policy, the government annually allocates funds to support food self-sufficiency programs. Unfortunetaly, Indonesia still in the stage of below achieving a food self-sufficiency; the government still imports some strategic foodstuffs such as rice, corn, soybeans, sugar, and meat. Low production of foodstuffs bring about a decrease in agricultural sector contribution to GDP. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of government policy on food and fiscal policy support. Using secondary data, the study tries to describe using the approach of 'The Context, Links, and Evidence Framework". The study concludes that although the government has a strong commitment to have food sovereignty, but still difficult to achieve food selfsufficiency and food security. Therefore the authors recommend a policy package which includes nine priority programs to be considered by the government.
Indonesia has set a unilateral greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emissions reduction target by 29% and conditional targets with international support of up to 41%, compared to the business as usual by 2030. This paper aims to formulate energy conservation policies to increase productivity and promote economic growth in Indonesia. Indonesia's energy conservation policy has multiple aspects: supporting energy security, commitment to GHG emission reduction, state budget efficiency, and improving productivity and competitiveness. Using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), this study found evidence that energy efficiency saving will positively affect ecological sustainability and economic agents in the five targeted sectors: energy, waste, industrial processes, product use, agriculture, and forestry. Further, the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy provides positive effects in increasing economic growth and reducing income disparities.
Indonesia's Balance of Payments for transportation services turned to deficit for past few years. The biggest share comes from deficit on transportation services for freight. This is one reason why the cost for transportation services in Indonesia is very high and at the end it will reduce the national competitiveness. Blueprint for The development of National Logistics System already regulated in Presidential Regulation No. 26 year 2012. The implementation of National Logistics System can create national competitiveness and support the implementation of the Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian's Economic Development (abbreviated MP3EI). National Logistics system is expected to be operationalized by the logistics service providers, and supported by the availability of adequate logistics infrastructure and reliable. Service providers for all across Indonesia will be needed in order to create connectivity for National Logistic System. Transportation service providers that came from domestic, can reduce the cost of transportation, and it will create national competitiveness for domestic production. The purpose of this study is to identify the appropriate fiscal policy to domestic service providers and to identify the economic impact of the increasing on services from domestic service provider. The methodology used in this research is analysis using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) that can give an overview the impact of increasing production in one sector to factors of production, institution, and other sector. Economic impact analysis that came from SAM indicates that the increasing production in transportation services sector have an overall positive impact to factor of production, institution and other sector. The results of this research is expected to help policy makers in the field of fiscal policy in designing appropriate policies for domestic transportation service provider and at the end to help reduce the Balance of Payments deficit for transportation services.
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