Unavailability of published data and studies focused on young researchers in Europe and research integrity issues reveals that clear understanding and stance on this subject within European area is lacking. Our study provides information on attitudes and experiences of European researchers at early career stages (doctoral and postdoctoral level), based on a limited sample of respondents (n = 27). The study provides both quantitative and qualitative results for the examined issues. The data suggest that awareness and interest of the younger researchers surveyed in research integrity issues is high, however, it is often based on self-initiatives, with many of the respondents not having adequate training or any possibility to obtain it. Our attitude survey conducted within the European Council of Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers indicates that only 22 % of respondents had an opportunity to obtain relevant training (significantly less than in a study conducted in the U.S.), and that only one third believed that institutions and supervisors regularly paid attention to it. Further, we noted certain differences between disciplines. The study also reveals that many younger researchers felt they faced problems due to the misconduct of their senior colleagues and the existing institutional culture. The results of the study indicate a need for better prevention mechanisms, training and raising awareness activities. Preferably, junior researchers should be given an active role in shaping the integrity culture. It should be noted that the presented results should be considered in the context of the limitations stemming from the small-scale survey. This paper encourages further research activities on research integrity practices to provide stronger evidence on the attitudes and experiences of young researchers in Europe and other parts of the world.
The relation between the specific surface and apparent density of copper powders electrodeposited from acid copper sulfate solutions is established. It is shown that the apparent density is inversely proportional to the specific surface of copper powder. The shape of the particle size distribution curve is also discussed.
Summary Increasing efficiency during realization of procurements in the defence system imposes the
The quantity and complexity of scientific and technological information provided to policymakers have been on the rise for decades. Yet little is known about how to provide science advice to legislatures, even though scientific information is widely acknowledged as valuable for decision-making in many policy domains. We asked academics, science advisers, and policymakers from both developed and developing nations to identify, review and refine, and then rank the most pressing research questions on legislative science advice (LSA). Experts generally agree that the state of evidence is poor, especially regarding developing and lower-middle income countries. Many fundamental questions about science advice processes remain unanswered and are of great interest: whether legislative use of scientific evidence improves the implementation and outcome of social programs and policies; under what conditions legislators and staff seek out scientific information or use what is presented to them; and how different communication channels affect informational trust and use. Environment and health are the highest priority policy domains for the field. The contextspecific nature of many of the submitted questions-whether to policy issues, institutions, or locations-suggests one of the significant challenges is aggregating generalizable evidence on LSA practices. Understanding these research needs represents a first step in advancing a global agenda for LSA research.Notes 1 By policymakers, we mean those in government who use science to make policy decisions, whether members of staff or elected representatives. ARTICLE PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.
Rezime U radu je analiziran odnos menadžmenta preduzeća prilikom donošenja strategeijskih odluka u uslovima krize, sa ciljem očuvanja životne sredine. Veliki broj strategija koje preduzeće može odabrati, kako bi obezbedilo opstanak u otežanim uslovima poslovanja zahteva pažljivo razmatranje i donošenje pravovremenih odluka. Težnja za profitom često dovodi do zanemarivanja nekih aspekata poslovne politike, poput očuvanja životne sredine. Između velikog broja koncepata uspešna preduzeća se često odlučuju za totalni menadžment kvalitetom (TQM), koji i pored velikih troškova daje celoviti koncept strategije menadžmenta. U toj situaciji i država svojim merama pomaže preduzeća, kako bi se zajedničkim naporima ostvarili ciljevi zaštite životne sredine.Ključne reči: menadžment, kriza, totalni menadžment kvalitetom, životna sredina. UVODČovečanstvo se tek početkom XXI veka suočilo sa problemom sopstvenog opstanka ne samo zbog opasnosti izbijanja trećeg svetskog rata, već zbog očajničke trke za profitom koja je nanale nenadoknadivu štetu prirodi. Neviđeni tehnološki razvoj i ekonomski prosperitet zahvaljujući industrijskoj i informatičkoj ekonomiji koji uslovljavaju moć i neodgovorno ponašanje ekonomskih sila u pogledu održivog razvoja doveli su do još jedne ekonomske krize koja se odrazila i na poslovanje većine preduzeća. Suočavajući se sa opadanjem profita i velikim gubicima većina preduzeća u uslovima krize i sama doživljavaju kolaps poslovanja što uslovljava da zanemare pitanje životne sredine, zarad opstanka i ostvarivanja zarade.Ako svako preduzeće koje se razvija prolazi kroz krize, postavlja se pitanje u čemu je razlika između uspešnih i neuspešnih preduzeća, tj. kako uspešna preduzeća prolaze kroz krize, a da pri tom ne zanemare jedno od najvažnijih pitanja današnjice "društveno odgovorno ponašanje i zaštita životne sredine". Razlika je u trajanju krize i njenim posledicama: uspešna preduzeća nisu pošteđena krize, ali ona raspolažu alatom -metodama i instrumentima kriznog menadžmenta -pomoću kojih se kriza predusreće, pravovremeno prepoznaje i ovladava, tj. u takvim preduzećima kriza nastupa ređe, traje kraće i posledice su manjeg intenziteta, ali često na štetu očuvanja životne sredine.Odgovori na krizu se moraju tražiti i dobiti na svim nivoima i u svim sektorima privređivanja. Što se pre pristupi analizi dejstva krize, utoliko su veće šanse da se ona predupredi ili barem umanje njene posledice. Spoznati pretnje i rano reagovati na njih sa ciljem da se njihov negativni uticaj na preduzeće smanji osnovni je zadatak današnjih menadžera. Primena koncepta menadžmenta totalnog kvaliteta (TQM) nudi mogućnost uspešnog vođenja jedne poslovne organizacije pšripremajući ih za krizne sistuacije. Međutim, činjenica da zahteva usklađivanje tehnoloških i ekonomskih zahteva sa očuvanjem životne sredine neminovno vodi smanjenju profita pa mnoga preduzeća odustaje od primene navadenog koncepta.
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