Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the adaptation of different types of restorations towards deciduous and young permanent teeth.Materials and Methods:Class V cavities were prepared in deciduous and young permanent teeth and filled with different materials (a conventional glass-ionomer, a resin-modified glass-ionomer, a poly-acid-modified composite resin and a conventional composite resin). Specimens were aged in artificial saliva for 1, 6, 12 and 18 months, then examined by SEM.Results:The composite resin and the polyacid-modified composite had better marginal adaptation than the glass-ionomers, though microcracks developed in the enamel of the tooth. The glass-ionomers showed inferior marginal quality and durability, but no microcracking of the enamel. The margins of the resin-modified glass-ionomer were slightly superior to the conventional glass-ionomer. Conditioning improved the adaptation of the composite resin, but the type of tooth made little or no difference to the performance of the restorative material. All materials were associated with the formation of crystals in the gaps between the filling and the tooth; the quantity and shape of these crystals varied with the material.Conclusions:Resin-based materials are generally better at forming sound, durable margins in deciduous and young permanent teeth than cements, but are associated with microcracks in the enamel. All fluoride-releasing materials give rise to crystalline deposits.

This study examined the release of aluminium and fluoride from restorative materials placed in either deciduous or young permanent immature teeth stored in artificial saliva for 1 month. Cavities were prepared in extracted teeth, then filled with a fluoride releasing restorative (glass-ionomer, compomer or composite resin), with and without conditioning as appropriate. The teeth were then stored in artificial saliva for 1 month, after which the amount of aluminium and fluoride released was determined spectrophotometrically. With all materials tested, both aluminium and fluoride were released in all cases. Young immature teeth were associated with lower level of ion release which was attributed to the absorption of ions by the enamel. However, unconditioned samples were usually associated with similar ion release to conditioned ones, suggesting that the loss of mineral phase on conditioning has only a marginal effect on the capacity for ion uptake. The ratio of aluminium to fluoride released varied with the type of tooth, deciduous conditioned teeth generally absorbing proportionately less aluminium than young immature teeth. The overall conclusion is that interaction with ions released by restorative materials is influenced by type of tooth.

Background: The common cause of dental infections is necrosis of the pulp of a tooth, which is followed by bacterial invasion through the pulp chamber into the deeper tissues. The bacterial infections are caused by host indigenous bacteria primarily aerobic gram positive cocci, anaerobic gram negative and gram negative rods. The aim of this study is to identify the presence of different cultivating microorganisms which cause dental infections in primary and young permanent teeth manifested by as abscesses and apical parodontitis. Material and Methods: Seventy kids ages 5-15 years (36 females, 34 males) were studied prospectively (I assume this) at the University Dental Clincal Center of Kosovo, Department of Pediatric Dentistry in cooperation with Microbiological Department of Faculty of Medicine. All patients who had clinical, and radiological confirmation of thier dental infections, followed by extraction of their teeth. Once the tooth was extracted blood and pus sample from the empty alveoli were cultured. The analysis of the sample for bacteria identification was done using the automated system VITEK 2 cards (Biomeriux, France). Results: Of 70 children's with deciduous 73.5% of them had acute infection and 26.5% chronic infection. On the other hand 75% of children with permanent dentitions had chronic and 25% acute infection. In acute infections the most common aerobic bacteria was Streptococcus group with 47% (Streptococcus mitis and oralis) followed by the Actonomyces group (Actinomyces mayeri and Actinomyces odontoliticus) and anaerobic bacteria in 34%. In chronic infections streptococcus group was the prevalent aerobic group and in anaerobic infection Actinomyces mayeri and Actinomyces naeslundi was the most representative aerobes in 21% of samples. Conclusion: The dental infections in pediatric population (5-15 years old) are polymicrobial predominantly anaerobic bacte-T. Kutllovci et al. 60 ria over aerobic. This study paves the way for preventives measures that need to me implemented in this group of children.

The apical periodontitis as an infection is the result of endodontic infections and is manifested when the immunological system of the host is activated from microorganisms which penetrate in to the dental pulp through the root canals. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical diagnosis and the pathohistological identification of chronic odontogenic infections with microvascular proliferation. The study was carried out in University Dental Clinical Center of Kosova in cooperation with Histopathology Departement. In this study were included 36 children between 10-15 years old, 20 girls and 16 boys, with permanent dentition and chronic apical changes. After the clinical and x-ray examination, the tooth extraction was done, and then the tissue of periapical region was taken, by the exvaction of the periapical granulomas and the other pathological tissues. From a total of 36 children with chronic apical changes and granulomas, 9 (25.0%) of the children had chronic apical periodontitis, from which 6 (16.67%) of the children did not have microvascular proliferation, 1 (2.78%) child had a medium level of microvascular proliferation and 2 (5.56%) children had signification microvascular changes (proliferation). A total of 6 (16.67%) children had chronic apical periodontitis with a fistula from which 5 (13.89%) children did not have microvascular proliferation and 1 (2.78%) child had a medium level of microvascular proliferation. A total of 5 (13.89%) children had chronic apical periodontitis with parulis, from which 3 (8.33%) children did not have microvascular proliferation, 1 (2.78%) child had a low level of microvascular proliferation and 1 (2.78%) child had severe microvascular proliferation. T. A. Kutllovci et al.

(Crest, Parodontax, White Glo, Tif4, Fluoride Solution), opposed to the forth day where the best preventive effect was seen from Tif4, Fluoride Solution. Conclusion:The results we got from our study, suggest that this topic should be studied further in more complex invivo conditions and our results should be confirmed.

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Цитирање: Денкова Н, Иљовска С. Ризик фактори и интензитет на дентални ерозии на трајни инцизиви и први перманентни молари. Макед Мед Електр С. 2015 Јун 11; 2015; 50004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/mmej.2015.50004 Клучни зборови: дентални ерозии; степен на оштетување; преваленца; пијалоци. * Кореспонденција: Д-р Наташа Денкова. Факултет за медицински науки, Универзитет "Гоце Делчев", Штип, Република Македонија. Е-mail: natasa.denkova@ugd.edu.mk Примено:08-Феб-2015; Ревидирано 12-Фев-2015; Прифатено: 19-Мар-2015; Објавено: 11-Јун-2015Печатарски права: © 2015 Наташа Денкова, Снежана Иљовска. Оваа статија е со отворен пристап дистрибуирана под условите на Нелокализирана лиценца (CC BY 3.0), која овозможува неограничена употреба, дистрибуција и репродукција на било кој медиум, доколку се цитираат оригиналниот(ите) автор(и) и изворот.Конкурентски интереси: Авторите изјавуваат дека немаат конкурентски интереси. ИзвадокЦЕЛ: Целта на на нашата пилот студија беше да се утврди преваленцата на забните ерозии, како и влијанието пијалоците врз степенот на оштетувањето на перманентните заби. МАТЕРИЈАЛ И МЕТОДИ:Како матерјал вклучивме 105 испитаника со позитивни знаци за постоење дентални ерозии, на возраст од 10 до 60 и над 60 години, кај кои ги нотиравме степенот на ерозиите и навики за консумирање пијалоци. РЕЗУЛТАТИ:Степенот на ерозијата на првите трајни инцизиви кај испитаниците на возраст од 10-29 год. беа со површински губиток на емајлот и со возраста на пациентите поприсутна беше ерозијата каде освен губиток на емајлот имаше и присуство на експониран дентин. Испитувањата на ПТМ, според длабочината и возраста на испитаниците, укажа на постоење различни клинички слики, но со емајл во нормални граници немаше ниту еден испитаник. Резултатите говорат дека најголемиот дел од испитаниците газирани пијалоци консумирале 3-5 пати на ден Постоеше позитивна корелација помеѓу консумирањето на газирани пијалоци и овошни сокови и помеѓу вкупниот примерок на испитаници со дентални ерозии и сите возрасни групи на испитаници (р < 0.05) и помеѓу половите (р < 0.00). ЗАКЛУЧОК:Потребно да се направи студија со истражување на највлијателните етиолошки фактори кои би потпомогнале во подготвување превентивни стратегии. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Risk Factors and Intensity of Dental Erosion of Permanent Incisors and the First Permanent Molars Abstract AIM:The aim of our pilot study was to determine the prevalence of dental erosion, the impact of beverages on the level of damage to the permanent teeth. MATERIAL AND METODS:For the purpose of the study we have included 105 respondents with positive indications of dental erosion aged 10 to 60 and < 60 years, and on specially prepared forms we have noted the extent of erosion and beverage consumption habits. RESULTS:The results of the level of erosion on the respondents' first permanent incisors indicated that on age 10-29 they were with surface enamel loss, and with patient's age the erosion was more present, where besides the loss of ename...