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The aim was to investigate different genotypes and haplotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR-677, -1298) and plasma concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy) in Macedonian patients with occlusive artery disease (OAD) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Investigated groups consists of 80 healthy, 74 patients with OAD, and 63 patients with DVT. Plasma tHcy was measured with Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay. Identification of MTHFR genotypes and haplotypes was done with CVD StripAssay. The probability level (P-value) was evaluated by the Student's t-test. Plasma concentration of tHcy in CC and CT genotypes of MTHFR C677T was significantly increased in patients with OAD and in patients with DVT. Plasma concentration of tHcy in AC genotype of MTHFR A1298C was increased in patients with OAD and in patients with DVT. Plasma concentration of tHcy was significantly increased in AA genotype of patients with OAD, but not in patients with DVT. We found a significant increase of plasma tHcy in patients with OAD in comparison with healthy respondents for normal:heterozygote (CC:AC), heterozygote:normal (CT:AA), and heterozygote:heterozygote (CT:AC) haplotypes. Plasma concentration of tHcy in patients with DVT in comparison with healthy respondents was significantly increased for normal:normal (CC:AA), normal heterozygote (CC:AC), and heterozygote:heterozygote (CT:AC) haplotypes. We conclude that MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1289C genotypes and haplotypes are connected with tHcy plasma levels in Macedonian patients with OAD and DVT.

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of menopause on the activity of primary intracellular antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as on the level of total antioxidant status (TAS) in healthy women and women with coronary artery disease (CAD). We studied 140 women divided into two groups. The first group (controls) consisted of 99 healthy women aged between 18 and 55 years) classified into three subgroups: pre-menopausal women (Pre-M; n=48), peri-menopausal women (Peri-M; n=22) and post-menopausal women (Post-M; n=29). The second group consisted of 41 women with CAD aged between 48-68 years, classified into two subgroups: Peri-M (n=20) and Post-M (n=21). The activity of GPx and the level of TAS were significantly decreased in Peri-M (p<0.005) and Post-M groups (p<0.001) in comparison with the Pre-M group. SOD was decreased in Peri-M and Post-M groups compared with the Pre-M group, but this was statistically not significant. The activity of SOD and GPx as well as TAS were significantly decreased in the Post-M group compared with the Peri-M group with CAD (p<0.001). The activity of the antioxidant enzymes in Peri-M and Post-M groups was significantly decreased (p<0.02) in comparison with the control group. TAS was not changed in women with CAD in comparison with controls. In conclusion, menopause leads to the reduction of the level of antioxidants, especially in women with CAD.

Aim:To determine the concentration of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) as well as different genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR (C677T) in healthy subjects and patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Material and methods:The investigation comprised a total of 160 subjects divided in two main groups: 80 healthy subjects (control group) and 80 patients with deep vein thrombosis. Concentration of tHcy was determined by spectrophotometric cyclic enzymatic method and mutation of MTHFR (C677T) gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction according to Schneider.Results:The results obtained for plasma tHcy in the control group were 11.62±3.43 μmol/L, while tHcy level was significantly higher in patients with deep vein thrombosis as compared to the control group, 15.19±3.63 μmol/L (р<0.001). The analysis of the results has shown that MTHFR (C677T) genetic polymorphism was responsible for mild to moderate hyperhomocysteinemia in the majority of subjects.Conclusion:The level of tHcy in the examined patients was significantly higher in comparison with the control group. Multiple regression analysis has shown that tHcy level in CT and TT genotypes of MTHFR (C677T) was statistically higher in comparison with CC genotype of MTHFR (C677T) in both, the control group and the DVT patients.

Significantly higher adiponectin levels were found in AGA neonates compared to SGA neonates. Leptin and adiponectine levels were positively correlated with birth weight. These findings suggest that these adipocytokines may be involved in fetal growth regulation.

SummaryBackgroundIn the past decades, the obesity epidemic in children of all ages has been an important research field for detecting the metabolic causes and consequences of obesity, the major focus being on insulin and adipocytokine levels. Metabolic work-up in obese children is recommended in the age group as young as 2–6 years. There is evidence that birth weight can be a factor causing obesity later in life accompanied by metabolic complications.MethodsInsulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels were analyzed in 269 obese children and 60 controls, as well as 110 newborn children with different birth weight and different length of gestation, using standard methods.ResultsIn 53.6% of the obese children, complications of obesity such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidemia, heart attack or stroke were found in family members. The peak insulinemia on OGTT was significantly higher in the pubertal compared to the prepubertal group (110.5± 75.9 μU/mL versus 72.2±62.7 μU/mL) (p<0.005). Glucose intolerance was confirmed in 24%. The leptin level was significantly higher and the adiponectin level was lower in pubertal obese children compared to the prepubertal children and controls (p<0.05). In newborns the leptin and adiponectin levels were in correlation with anthropometric parameters: body weight (BW), body length (BL), BW/BL, BMI, and the pondered index (p<0.05).ConclusionObese children have high insulinemia in all ages, reaching its peak towards puberty. The leptin and adiponectin levels might be indicators of the metabolic syndrome. Our findings in newborns might influence the nutritional approach in the future in order to prevent complications of obesity.

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