There have been no estimators of population size associated with the capture-recapture model when the capture probabilities vary by time and individual animal. This work proposes a nonparametric estimation technique that is appropriate for such a model using the idea of sample coverage, which is defined as the proportion of the total individual capture probabilities of the captured animals. A simulation study was carried out to show the performance of the proposed estimation procedure. Numerical results indicate that it generally works satisfactorily when the coefficient of variation of the individual capture probabilities is relatively large. An example is also given for illustration.

Active MTrPs in the craniocervical region contribute to triggering or maintenance of TTH and posture or neck mobility may be a result of chronic headache.

Changes in behavior are necessary to apply genomic discoveries to practice. We prospectively studied medication changes made by providers representing eight different medicine specialty clinics whose patients had submitted to preemptive pharmacogenomic genotyping. An institutional clinical decision support (CDS) system provided pharmacogenomic results using traffic light alerts: green/genomically favorable, yellow/genomic caution, red/high risk. The influence of pharmacogenomic alerts on prescribing behaviors was the primary endpoint. 2279 outpatient encounters were analyzed. Independent of other potential prescribing mediators, medications with high pharmacogenomic risk were changed significantly more often than prescription drugs lacking pharmacogenomic information (odds ratio [OR]=26.2 [9.0–75.3], p<0.0001). Medications with cautionary pharmacogenomic information were also changed more frequently (OR=2.4 [1.7–3.5], p<0.0001). No pharmacogenomically high-risk medications were prescribed during the entire study when physicians consulted the CDS tool. Pharmacogenomic information improved prescribing in patterns aimed at reducing patient risk, demonstrating that enhanced prescription decision-making is achievable through clinical integration of genomic medicine.

The cDNA clone (pNP24) coding for a protein induced by exogenous NaCl has been isolated from a tomato root cDNA library with the use of an inosine containing synthetic oligomer. The authenticity of the clone has been established by comparing the sequence of the clone to the NH2-terminal sequence of the protein which has been purified to homogeneity by HPLC. The nucleotide sequence of pNP24 reveals a 5' signal sequence, an open reading frame of 718 nucleotides, a 3' AT rich untranslated region containing a probable polyadenylation signal sequence, and a poly A stretch. The mature polypeptide sequence as deduced from the nucleotide sequence reveals a protein with a molecular weight of 24226. This protein has been named NP24. It is slightly basic and has an unusually high number of cysteines (15). Northern blot analyses reveal that the abundance of mRNA for NP24 is at least 100-fold greater in tomato suspension cells in log phase grown in medium with NaCl than in cells grown in the control medium. The mRNA for NP24 is below the level of detection in roots of young control tomato plants until several weeks after germination but it is induced earlier and to higher levels in roots stressed by 0.171 M NaCl. Thus salt stress accelerates the accumulation of message in tomato roots. A comparison of the steady state levels of mRNA for NP24 to the accumulation of NP24 by immuno analyses indicates that the accumulation of this protein is determined by its mRNA level. The protein is not secreted and is localized within the cytoplasm or the soluble fraction of the nucleus, vacuole, or microbodies. NP24 has a high degree of homology (58%) with thaumatin, a protein which has considerable value as an artificial sweetener.