Persons with severe and profound intellectual disability (ID) have a wide range of difficulties. A number of difficulties, along with a delay in speech and language development, can greatly interfere with successful communication with others. For these individuals, the presence of potential communication partners does not always guarantee successful initiation and maintenance of communication. Therefore, factors that limit or enhance successful communication with others probably lie in characteristics of individuals with ID, but also in their environment. The goal of this article is to provide an insight into specific characteristics of communication in individuals with severe and profound ID. In relation to specific features of communication, we can notice that persons with severe and profound ID represent a heterogeneous population. While some reach the stage of symbolic communication, others remain at intentional (preverbal and non symbolic) or pre-intentional stage of communication, even in adulthood. It is necessary to provide natural interactive context with respect to different modalities of communication exchange so that they can functionally use their communication skills in everyday situations.

Recreational activities represent individual or organised group activities chosen by free will, which help individuals to maintain good health, physical and working condition. In addition to the required physical segment, recreation also includes mental component which refers to strengthening of the will and determination, acquisition and development of self-control. With physical and mental aspect of recreational activities, many authors especially emphasize the importance of socio-psychological component of recreation.The aim of this paper is to review the so far published scientific and professional works in which the problem of recreational activities of persons with cerebral palsy, sight impairment, intellectual disability and autism is discussed, by studying the available literature. During the research we used the electronic data base of Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition, Google Scholar, as well as published material available in print.The participation of persons with disabilities in physical-recreational activities in the community is determined by the individual characteristics of the person, but with the community factors as well. The results of many studies show that persons with disabilities participate less in leisure and physical recreational activities and that is largely related to the level of social integration of these persons.Taking into account the fact that the participation of persons with disabilities in physical-recreational activities largely correlates with the quality of life of these persons, it is necessary to increase the number of recreational services that the community offers, as well as to specialise, modify and adapt some of them in relation to the needs of these persons. Also, it is recommended that as an integral part of all therapeutic approaches to persons with disability, the training of these persons for the appropriate use of their leisure time be included. Cilj ovog rada je da se uvidom u dostupnu literaturu, napravi pregled dosadašnjih stručnih i naučnih radova u kojima je obrađivana problematika fizičko-rekreativnih aktivnosti osoba sa cerebralnom paralizom, oštećenjem vida, intelektualnom ometenošću i autizmom. Pri izradi ovog pregleda korišćene su elektronske baze podataka Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku, Google Scholar, kao i publikovani materijali dostupni u štampanoj verziji.Učešće osoba sa invaliditetom u fizičko-rekreativnim aktivnostima u zajednici determinisano je individualnim karakteristikama same osobe, ali i faktorima društvene zajednice. Rezultati mnogih istraživanja pokazuju da osobe sa invaliditetom slabije participiraju u slobodnim i fizičko-rekreativnim aktivnostima i da je to u velikoj meri povezano sa nivoom socijalne integracije ovih osoba.Imajući u vidu da učešće osoba sa invaliditetom u fizičko-rekreativnim aktivnostima u velikoj meri korelira sa kvalitetom života ovih osoba, potrebno je da se poveća broj rekreativnih usluga koje zajednica nudi osobama sa invaliditetom, kao i da se neke od nji...

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IntroductionPragmatics includes a set of skills related to language structure and meaning that allow the speaker to use the language appropriately and in accordance with different communication situations. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in pragmatic communication skills of adults with intellectual disabilities, dual diagnoses, and typical development, and to determine the effects of gender, age, the level of intellectual functioning and speech comprehension on their achievements on two assessment instruments.MethodsThe sample included 180 adults (60 typically developing participants, 60 with intellectual disabilities, and 60 participants with dual diagnoses). We used two instruments to assess pragmatic communication skills – Communication Checklist – Adult, CC-A, and the Assessment Battery for Communication, ABaCo. In order to test the differences between the three groups of participants, we used canonical discriminant analysis.ResultsDiscriminant analysis revealed two significant canonical functions. Function one (speech comprehension and the level of intellectual disability, social engagement, and paralinguistic scale) differentiates between typically developing participants and participants with dual diagnoses the most. The second canonical function (language structure, linguistic scale, paralinguistic scale, extralinguistic scale, and context scale) differentiates between participants with intellectual disabilities and participants with dual diagnoses the most. According to the results, age did not affect pragmatic achievements.DiscussionPragmatic skills are very complex, and different instruments measure different dimensions of these abilities. The results of this research lead to the conclusion that we can differentiate between the pragmatic abilities of typically developing people, people with intellectual disabilities, and those with dual diagnoses with the help of the ABaCo battery and the CC-A questionnaire.

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SUMMARY Studying of childhood behavioral problems is of great importance