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Embedded Linux became a dominant choice in the embedded entertainment and mobile systems. Their adoption in widely used control applications is the second phase of their embedded market domination. One of the most important criteria of the control RTOS is their determinism/overhead ratio. Actually, many extensions exist to bring real-time capability into the Linux kernel. On the other hand standard computer architecture become widely adopted in the embedded market, with a large variety of performances and power requirement.In this paper, we study the impact of timing enhancement offered by various real-time Linux kernel extensions and their impact into the overall system performance. The obtained results are compared with the standard and server kernels performances.We used for our study a multi-core Intel® based architecture since we considered the trend of the embedded control market for this kind of architectures.In our work we studied two metrics to reflect the performance of the studied kernel that are latency and throughput. Such work can be used to orient the adoption of real-time Linux extension for a given hardware architecture to reach control application requirements.

Codesign methodology deals with the problem of designing complex embedded systems, where automatic hardware/software partitioning is one key issue. The research efforts in this issue are focused on exploring new automatic partitioning methods which consider only binary or extended partitioning problems. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a hybrid FCMPSO partitioning technique, based on Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms suitable for mapping embedded applications for both binary and multicores target architecture. Our FCMPSO optimization technique has been compared using different graphical models with a large number of instances. Performance analysis reveals that FCMPSO outperforms PSO algorithm as well as the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and FCM standard metaheuristic based techniques and also hybrid solutions including PSO then GA, GA then SA, GA then ACO, ACO then SA, FCM then GA, FCM then SA, and finally ACO followed by FCM.

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Problem Statement: Nowadays Real-Time (RT) embedded control applications require not just higher performance but more flexibility as well without increasing cost and resources. Approach: In this study we presented a promising co-design and implementation of control solution. We developed flexible solution using software control algorithms coupled with an embedded RT kernel on powerful embedded processor cores, combined with reconfigurable logic and dedicated resources on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Various architectures were compared and contrasted in terms of speed and FPGA area. Results: This fully integrated RT control system in a System-on-Chip (SoC) was applied to electric motors drive in order to enhance both flexibility and performance. Experimental results showed the feasibility and the efficiency of the approach; they demonstrate the capacity of implementing, in high-level coding, high speed and more complex control algorithms with RT constraints. Conclusions/Recommendations: Programmable SoC enabled flexible control system design. This solution can be readily applied to any control algorithm with minor hardware or software adapting to specific application requirements

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