No abstract

Background: The interest in cystic fibrosis (CF) dyslipidaemia as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease is increasing with patients' survival. This study aimed to investigate CF dyslipidaemia, its clinical correlates and links to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), adiponectin, and apolipoprotein E (APOE). Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed clinical characteristics of CF, as well as the serum lipid profile, oxLDL, adiponectin, and APOE. Results: In total, 108 CF subjects were enrolled in this study, with a median age of 22 years, BMI of 20.5 kg/m 2 , FEV1% of 61%, of which 81% were pancreatic insufficient (PI). Healthy subjects (HS; n = 51) were in similar age. Hypocholesterolaemia occurred in 31% of CF subjects and in no HS. Hypertriglyceridaemia concerned 21% of patients (HS: 8%, p = .04), and low HDL-C 45% (HS: 6%, p b .0001). At least one of these three CF dyslipidaemia disturbances was present in 62% of CF subjects, but there were no significant differences in oxLDL, oxLDL/LDL-C ratio, adiponectin, and APOE between CF and HS groups. PI was independently associated with low total cholesterol, LDL-C, and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, with age and sex also modifying lipid levels. In CF (n = 42), triglycerides did not correlate with serum tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Conclusions: CF dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent and heterogenous. The lipid profile weakly associates with the clinical characteristics of CF as well as oxLDL, adiponectin, and APOE. Further research is needed, especially regarding HDL function in CF, the causes of hypertriglyceridaemia, and the value of essential fatty acid supplementation for CF dyslipidaemia.

No abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disease that is becoming a major health problem in today’s world due to the aging population. Despite it being widely known that diet has a significant impact on the prevention and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, the literature data are still scarce and controversial. The application of the principles of rational nutrition for the elderly is suggested for Alzheimer’s disease. The diet should be rich in neuroprotective nutrients, i.e., antioxidants, B vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some studies suggest that diets such as the Mediterranean diet, the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet have a beneficial effect on the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

The available data on the incidence of lactose malabsorption are contradictory. Potential bias in random selection is a major drawback of studies performed to-date. Moreover, molecular analysis of polymorphism -13910 C>T upstream of the lactase (LCT) gene (NM_005915.4:c.1917+326C>T; rs4988235) has not been reported in those studies. Therefore, in this study we aimed to assess genetic predisposition and clinical manifestation of adult-type hypolactasia (ATH). In two-hundred randomly chosen healthy subjects (HS) aged from 18 to 20 years, the presence of -13910 C>T polymorphic variants upstream of the LCT gene was assessed. In a subgroup of subjects with genotype predisposing to ATH, hydrogen-methane breath test (BT) with lactose loading was conducted to determine the current state of lactase activity. In addition, clinical symptoms typical for lactose malabsorption were assessed using the questionnaire method. Sixty-three out of 200 (31.5 %) HS had -13910 C/C genotype. Thus, genetically determined lactase persistence is expected in the remaining 137 (68.5 %) subjects. Thirteen out of 53 (24.5 %) HS having -13910 C/C genotype were proved to be lactose intolerant. Recalculating the data for the entire studied population it implies the incidence of lactose malabsorption in 7.7 % of subjects. Only three out of 13 (23.1 %) subjects with abnormal BT results, reported clinical symptoms related to lactose consumption. Significantly lower than previously reported incidence of clinically detectable lactose malabsorption in young healthy adults in Poland has been documented. The -13910 C/C genotype upstream of the LCT gene indicates a predisposition to ATH, but definitely does not define the current ability to tolerate lactose.

Although RB+TP incorporated into a HF diet may lead to a decrease in AIP and total liver lipid content, this effect does not depend on the components of TP, but rather on the RB ingredients. However, pure TP, in the doses used in this study, may potentially play a role in the energy balance via faecal loss of lipids.

No abstract

No abstract