The role of microbiota and enteroendocrine cells in maintaining homeostasis in the human digestive tract

Woźniak, Dagmara; Cichy, Wojciech; Przysławski, Juliusz; Drzymała-Czyż, Sławomira

doi:10.1016/j.advms.2021.05.003

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The gut microbiota of adults mostly consists of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes that, together with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, account for nearly 99% of the intestinal microbiome [8]. Data from the literature indicate a significant change in the profile of the gut microbiome in various pathological conditions such as gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome) [9][10][11], autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (asthma, allergies, type 1 diabetes) [12,13], metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity [14,15], abnormal lipid profile [16], and hypertension [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients

Sawicka

Bondarczuk

Bauer

et al. 2021

JCM

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Despite knowledge of classical coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease remain high. Therefore, new factors that may affect the development of CAD, such as the gut microbiome, are extensively investigated. This study aimed to evaluate gut microbiome composition in CAD patients in relation to the control group. We examined 169 CAD patients and 166 people in the control group, without CAD, matched in terms of age and sex to the study group. Both populations underwent a detailed health assessment. The microbiome analysis was based on the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (NGS method). Among 4074 identified taxonomic units in the whole population, 1070 differed between study groups. The most common bacterial types were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Furthermore, a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the CAD group compared with the control was demonstrated. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, independent of age, sex, CAD status, LDL cholesterol concentration, and statins treatment, was related to altered phosphatidylcholine concentrations obtained in targeted metabolomics. Altered alpha-biodiversity (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.001) and beta-biodiversity (Bray–Curtis metric, p < 0.001) in the CAD group were observed. Moreover, a predicted functional analysis revealed some taxonomic units, metabolic pathways, and proteins that might be characteristic of the CAD patients’ microbiome, such as increased expressions of 6-phospho-β-glucosidase and protein-N(pi)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase and decreased expressions of DNA topoisomerase, oxaloacetate decarboxylase, and 6-beta-glucosidase. In summary, CAD is associated with altered gut microbiome composition and function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients

Sawicka

Bondarczuk

Bauer

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…The analysis of enteroendocrine cell number and distribution in SPF and GF mice suggests the upregulation of enteroendocrine cell numbers, specifically the enterochromaffin cells, K-cells and L-cells ( Modasia et al, 2020 ). Thus, the microbiota can affect the enteroendocrine cells and the release of neurotransmitters from the enteric neurons ( Woźniak et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: The Gut-brain Axis and The Endocannabinoid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome and Gut Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Stress Responses and Metabolism

Srivastava

Lutz

Azúa

2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The endocannabinoid system, with its receptors and ligands, is present in the gut epithelium and enteroendocrine cells, and is able to modulate brain functions, both indirectly through circulating gut-derived factors and directly through the vagus nerve, finally acting on the brain’s mechanisms regarding metabolism and behavior. The gut endocannabinoid system also regulates gut motility, permeability, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, microbiota composition has been shown to influence the activity of the endocannabinoid system. This review examines the interaction between microbiota, intestinal endocannabinoid system, metabolism, and stress responses. We hypothesize that the crosstalk between microbiota and intestinal endocannabinoid system has a prominent role in stress-induced changes in the gut-brain axis affecting metabolic and mental health. Inter-individual differences are commonly observed in stress responses, but mechanisms underlying resilience and vulnerability to stress are far from understood. Both gut microbiota and the endocannabinoid system have been implicated in stress resilience. We also discuss interventions targeting the microbiota and the endocannabinoid system to mitigate metabolic and stress-related disorders.

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“…Microbiota activates EECs and influences secretion and motility in the gastrointestinal tract. For example: prebiotics increase GLP1 (peptide promoting satiety) and PYY (peptide presenting anorexigenic properties) secretion and decrease ghrelin (a hormone responsible for appetite induction) secretion, thus influencing satiety and the development of excess body mass (Woźniak et al, 2021).…”

Section: Probiotics and Synbiotics In The Treatment Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplements in therapy to support weight reduction in obese patients [pdf]

Wawrzyniak¹,

Skrypnik²,

Suliburska³

2022

Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment

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Obesity is a pandemic disease that poses a serious problem for the entire world population. Preventative and non-pharmacological treatments for obesity include changing eating habits and increasing physical activity. The use of certain dietary supplements also brings beneficial results in the process of reducing excess body weight. There are many options for the treatment of obesity available on the pharmaceutical market. This study aims to review the latest publications on selected dietary supplements in the treatment of excess body weight. Dietary supplements which support a reduction in excess body weight include capsaicin, bitter orange, white bean seeds, green coffee, berberine, and single and multi-strain probiotics. Some of these supplements have additional health benefits. Bitter orange has antioxidant and anti-ulcer properties. Berberine improves lipid metabolism and reduces blood glucose levels. Capsaicin has found application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Supplements that do not significantly reduce body weight are chitosan and vitamin D. Chitosan can reduce blood pressure, while vitamin D improves the sensitivity of tissue to insulin. An increase in body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased risk of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders, and certain cancers. Dietary supplements with beneficial effects which support a reduction in excess body weight can be used in the treatment of both obesity and its complications.

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The role of microbiota and enteroendocrine cells in maintaining homeostasis in the human digestive tract

Cited by 47 publications

References 85 publications

Gut Microbiome in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients

Gut Microbiome in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients

The Microbiome and Gut Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Stress Responses and Metabolism

Dietary supplements in therapy to support weight reduction in obese patients [pdf]

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