The paper probes the sector-wise presence of volatility persistence, herding behavior and corresponding implications on investors and policymakers in the Oceania region both in Pre-COVID & Post-COVID era. The inspection is based on seven identical sectors from both Australia and New Zealand using GARCH (Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) methods for volatility analysis and CSAD (Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation) method for herding behavior. This paper finds the existence of herding behavior only in the consumer discretionary sector for both countries which delineates efficient market conditions for other sectors. The market is highly favorable for the investors in Food & Beverages, IT, and Healthcare sectors in both countries due to the potential growth opportunity while Real Estate and Financial sectors should be meticulously assessed in line with the alteration of macroeconomic forces. Fiscal and monetary measures along with the influx of labor forces and technological breakthroughs should be the key concentrations for the policymakers of both countries.
Through econometric analysis, this study investigates the effects of various economic factors on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Bangladesh from 1980 to 2019. ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) has been used to estimate the economic determinants of FDI inflows in Bangladesh after removing the trends from the independent variables. Empirical results revealed that GDP, Fixed Telephone Subscribers, Inflation Rate, and Education Spending are the eminent economic determinants of FDI. Subsequently, a Granger causality test and Vector Auto Regression (VAR) confirmed the absence of any long-term impact of these variables on FDI. From the analysis, it is evident that the ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) test is necessary to remove the trend from these variables and corner those variables for the ARDL method to find the significant ones that have substantial impacts on FDI in Bangladesh. GDP, Fixed Telephone Subscribers, Inflation Rate, and Education Spending are found to be statistically significant while all of them having a positive impact on the FDI. Even though this study matches with many other previous studies conducted by researchers, some exciting findings contradict the expected result and open new doors for further research.
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