To compare the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Turkish women with normal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In between March 2002 and November 2005, the study was designed as case-control study. Cytologic abnormalities in Pap smears were classified according to the Bethesda System (2001). Identification of the presence of HPV was carried out by the Hybrid Capture II test for all patients. To compare the groups, Chi-square test was used. A total of 1353 reproductive aged women were screened. Of them, 1344 (99.3%) had normal or class I Pap smear. Remaining nine cases (0.7%) had CIN at several degrees (five CIN I, three CIN II, and one carcinoma in situ). While all these nine cases with cervical pathologies had HPV, only 20 cases from the other group (1.5%) had HPV (chi(2) 466.1; P = 0.0001). This is the first study of the evaluation of the association between HPV and preinvasive cervical lesions in Turkish population. In spite of low general frequency (2.1%) of cervical HPV colonization in this population, a strong correlation was found between HPV and CIN.
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, and its paradoxical effects on female genital system are well known. During the past 10 years, many descriptions of nonepithelial uterine malignancies related to long-term TAM usage have been reported in the literature. Four uterine sarcoma patients who had history of TAM usage for previous breast cancer are presented in this study. The mean time of exposure to TAM was 6 (range 3-11) years, and the mean cumulative dose of drug was 43.82 g. All patients were postmenopausal, and the mean age was 66 (range 61-73) years at the time of the diagnosis of the uterine malignancy. Two (50%) patients had uterine malignant mixed müllerian tumor, and two (50%) had leiomyosarcoma. In one (25%) patient was diagnosed with endometrial biopsy made for a postmenopausal vaginal bleeding; the others (75%) were asymptomatic and their diseases were diagnosed during the pelvic examination and transvaginal ultrasonography. All patients underwent surgery +/- adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy), and two (50%) patients died because of the sarcoma. In consequence, early detection of TAM-related uterine sarcoma is required for orderly gynecological examination in patients having history of TAM usage for previous breast cancer.
Hydatid disease is primarily a disease of sheep and cattle. Human beings are accidental hosts. We present a 32-year-old multigravida at 25 weeks of pregnancy in whom splenic and liver cysts were diagnosed by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The splenic cyst was removed and a healthy baby was delivered vaginally at term.
In this study, it has been demonstrated that for the evaluation of fetal status, increased TBA levels in the mother and increased exposure time for the fetus to these increased values of TBA within the maternal circulation system help to predict increased risk of asphyxia in newborns to ICP mothers.
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