Cross-layer routing technique interacts among the various layers of the OSI model and exchanges information among them. It enhances the usage of network resources and achieves significant performance improvements in Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol (LEACH) routing algorithm consumes higher energy due to communication overhead and thus, a hierarchical model-based routing protocol named Cross-Layer Energy Efficient Scalable-Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol (CLEES-LEACH) is proposed. This increases scalability using the Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol between the intermediary node and cluster head, with the overhead of latency. A Linear Programming model is used, which further makes use of scheduling to overcome latency. Energy efficiency and latency are addressed with the proposed cross-layer routing algorithm CLEES-LEACH. The cross-layer design establishes Physical, Media Access Control (MAC), and Network layer interactions in the proposed algorithm. The present LEACH algorithm also increases the network overhead as there is no mechanism for communication among the network layer and consumes high energy. In the proposed algorithm CLEES-LEACH, latency is reduced to 25% and throughput is maximized to 20% compared to existing Energy-Efficient Distributed Schedule Based protocol (EEDS) and Integer Linear Programming (ILP) protocols. The energy consumption is also reduced to 20 % and the scalability is increased to 10 % compared to the existing LEACH and CL-LEACH protocols. These results are shown by using NS3 simulation.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of battery operated tiny sensor nodes and connected in a network for communication. Improving the lifetime of sensor network and energy conservation are the critical issues in WSNs. Nodes closer to the sink node drains their energy faster due to continuous and larger transmission of data towards a sink node. Dynamic Sinks solve the problem of lifetime and energy in WSNs. It moves dynamically to particular positions among the different positions in a predetermined order to collect data from sensor nodes. There is a considerable delay in the case of single mobile sink. In this paper we use the concept of multiple Dynamic sinks to collect data in different zones which in turn coordinate to consolidate the data and complete the process of receiving data from all the sensor nodes. A distributed algorithm synchronizes all dynamic sinks and it is used to reduce delay in consolidation of data and reduces the overall energy consumption. This twin gain increases the lifetime of wireless sensor network and it reduces delay. Simulation results using multiple dynamic synchronized Sinks clearly show that there is an improvement of the lifetime and energy conservation of wireless sensor networks in comparison with single mobile sink and static sink.
Wireless Sensor Networks consists of sensor nodes that are capable of sensing the information and maintaining security. In this paper, an Anonymity Cluster based Trust Management algorithm(ACTM) is proposed which enhances the security level and provides a stable path for communication. It is observed that the performance of the network is better than existing schemes through simulation.
Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) consist of battery operated sensor nodes. Improving the lifetime of sensor network is a critical issue. Nodes closer to the sink node drains energy faster due to large data transmission towards a sink node. This problem is resolved through mobility of the sink node. The Mobile sink moves to particular positions in predetermined order to collect data from the sensor nodes. There is considerable delay in the case of single mobile sink. In this paper we have used the concept of multiple mobile sinks to collect data in different zones which in turn coordinate to consolidate the data and complete the processing of data received from all the sensor nodes. A distributed algorithm synchronizing all the mobile sinks are used to reduce the delay in consolidation of data and reducing the overall energy consumption. The twin gain increases the lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Network. Simulation results using Multiple Mobile Synchronized Sinks clearly shows that there is an increase of 28% and 56% in the lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Networks in comparison with Single Mobile Sink and Static Sink respectively.
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