Adult koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were fed with feed supplemented with vitamin C at 200 mg/kg feed (T1), 400 mg/kg feed (T2) and 600 mg/kg feed (T3), and vitamin E at 200 mg/kg feed (T4), 400 mg/kg feed (T5) and 600 mg/kg feed (T6) at ad libitum for 60 days. Control (without vitamin inclusion) was also maintained. Observations were made on the growth performance, GSI and biochemical composition of gonads such as crude protein, crude fat, cholesterol and carotenoid once in 15 days. At the end of the experiment, fertilization was done to record the fertilization and hatching rate. The difference in the values was noticed among the male and female koi carp. Fish supplemented with vitamin E at 200 mg/kg feeexhibited higher growth in both male and female fish, and the fertilization rate and hatching rate were also higher in that group, and the values were significantly different (p < 0.05) and showed linear and quadratic trends. Inclusion of vitamin C at 600 mg/kg feed had shown higher lipid and carotenoid contents of female koi carp (p<0.05). Hence, the results revealed that supplementing vitamin C and E in the diet is necessary for the successful reproduction of koi carp.
A 330-day field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density and feeding ration on stunted Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerling reared in floating net cages. The stunted fingerling of L. rohita with an average body weight 38.23 ± 1.90 g were stocked in cages (3 × 3 × 3 m) at different densities viz. T1 (10), T2 (15), T3 (20) and T4 (25) fish/m3 and fed with varying levels of feeding rations at 3, 4, 5 and 6% at each stocking density. The 4×4 factorial design was used, and each density and feeding level kept in triplicate, and fed with commercial pellet feed (crude protein 28% and fat 5%) twice in a day. The significant recovery was observed in the T1 (10*5 and 10*6) treatment groups, which showed highest Hb, RBC, PCV and lowest WBC content at the end of experiment. Similarly, significant changes were observed in glucose, cortisol and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which were highest in higher stocking density (T4), and normalized in lower stocking T1 (10*5 and 10*6) treatment groups. Histological examination showed, almost complete recovery of structural changes such as swelling/ edema primary lamellae, hyperplasia of basal epithelium between the secondary lamellae of gill and necrosis in liver of lower stocking densities (10 and 15 fish/m3). In contrast, greater structural changes in both the organs were observed in the higher stocking density groups (20 and fish nos/m3). Based on the results, it can be concluded that maximum growth and complete recovery (in term of haematology, stress and histological changes) were observed in lower stocking density (10 fish/m3) fed with 5 to 6% feeding levels. Hence, in an Indian reservoir cage-based cultures, 10 fish/m3 fed with 5 to 6% feeding rations can be recommended at commercial scale to get maximum and sustainable profit by using the stunted L. rohita fingerling.
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