The development of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) has become essential in the advancement of low-cost construction materials for production of self-sufficient housing especially in developing countries. The use of these SCMs as admixtures not only improves concrete properties but protects and conserves the environment by saving energy and natural resources. Thus, studies have been conducted to find the suitability of combination of sewage sludge ash and rice husk ash to replace cement partially in conventional concrete. The effects on the nature of concrete exhibited mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength from a combination of sewage sludge ash and rice husk ash at different proportions. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) and rice husk ash (RHA) are used as partial replacement of cement for 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% in the concrete. The samples had been tested with compressive test to compare with normal concrete (OPC). There was an increment compressive strength of concrete at 10% amount replacement SSA and RHA, but the compressive strength declined when the amount replacement SSA and RHA are developing more than 10%. In addition, the concrete also showed increasing of compressive strength within the additional curing period, which was 7 days, 14 days and 28 days.
This paper presents the experimental investigation conducted on Grade 30 concrete incorporating agro-industrial waste, Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA). The emergence of palm oil industry also creates other problem in waste management to our country. POFA was detected with high silica-alumina, being utilized as pozzolan which makes it as a good binding media similar to cement. In this paper, the specimens consist of 45 concrete cube size 100 x 100 x 100 mm at 3 different replacement level which were 0% as control specimen, 5% and 10% with two different techniques form which were powder and liquidation technique. The workability of fresh concrete properties was evaluated using slump test and flow table test and the performance of the hardened concrete was confirmed by cube compressive strength test at 3, 7 and 28 days. Based on the result, 5% POFA replacement using liquidation technique showed more workability compared to 10% POFA replacement. This phenomenon is due to the liquidation at POFA that acts as a liquid lubricant which can easily blend with cement component. However, concrete with 5% POFA using powder technique gives better result on the concrete performance. Powder technique shows better enhancement in strength as compared to liquid is due to the interaction between the raw POFA that’s creates better bonding as compared to the POFA which was filled with water in liquid forms.
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