We examine the distribution of the extent of criminal activity by

Digital image processing is one of the most widely used computer vision technologies in biomedical engineering. In the present modern ophthalmological practice, biomarkers analysis through digital fundus image processing analysis greatly contributes to vision science. This further facilitates developments in medical imaging, enabling this robust technology to attain extensive scopes in biomedical engineering platform. Various diagnostic techniques are used to analyze retinal microvasculature image to enable geometric features measurements such as vessel tortuosity, branching angles, branching coefficient, vessel diameter, and fractal dimension. These extracted markers or characterized fundus digital image features provide insights and relates quantitative retinal vascular topography abnormalities to various pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy, transient ischemic attack, neovascular glaucoma, and cardiovascular diseases. Apart from that, this noninvasive research tool is automated, allowing it to be used in large-scale screening programs, and all are described in this present review paper. This paper will also review recent research on the image processing-based extraction techniques of the quantitative retinal microvascular feature. It mainly focuses on features associated with the early symptom of transient ischemic attack or sharp stroke.

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) thin films were deposited on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate using spin-coating techniques and as-deposited films were sensitized with various dyes. A series of azo derivatives (2, 5a-b) having different structures were successfully prepared through the process of the azo coupling reaction. KAZO 6 was successfully synthesized by esterification of kojic acid obtained from sago waste with azo 5a. These azo dye were examined using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) to obtain the vertical excitation, electron distribution, energy levels, band gap, and light-harvesting efficiency in the ground and excited state. The obtained values exhibited a good correlation with the experimental values. Efficiency enhancement was reported by the incorporation of KAZO 6 with curcumin extracted from turmeric. Spectroscopy and optical properties of synthesized dyes were characterized using CHNS elemental analysis, FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and UV-Vis spectroscopies. KAZO 6 displayed an efficiency of 1.59% compared to azo derivatives 0.13-1.12%. The efficiency of KAZO 6 enhanced from 1.59 to 1.74% with the incorporation of turmeric dye.

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) is synthesized via chemical method (improved method) and reduced grapheneoxide(rGO) using thermal treatment. The GO and rGO thin films were coated on a glass substrate by using drop casting method. The GO and rGO thin film were characterized by scanningelectronmicroscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to make sure the morphological and optical characteristics of the thin film. In addition, the electrical studies were performed by current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. The rGO thin film displays higher conductivity in comparison with GO which is 4.12 x 10-5S/cm, and also affected the morphological (SEM) and optical properties (FTIR). Morphological and optical data confirms that rGO losses the oxygen groups compare to GO.

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