Background: This study aims to assess the level and determinants of the general public's willingness to organ donation.Methods: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 4261 participants in China. The primary outcome was the willingness to donate organs. Logistic regression modelling was used to determine the factors that affect willingness to donate organs.Results: Overall, the proportion of participants who showed a willingness to donate organs was 47.45% (95%CI: 0.46, 0.49) in this study. Logistic regression modelling showed participants from Western (OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.13-1.62) and Eastern China (OR=1.54, 95%CI=1.20-1.66) were more willing to donate organs compared with those from Central China. The odds of being willing to donate organs was higher in females than males (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.17-1.55); and was higher in those participants with experience of organ donation (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.12-2.20), experience of caring for organ transplant patients (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.03-2.10), and those undertaking related voluntary activities (OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.45-1.94), than those without. Conclusion:The general public's level of willingness to organ donation was not high in China. Geographical region, gender, experience of organ donation related activities, taking care of organ transplant patients and volunteering in related activities were independently associated with participants' willingness to donate organs.