Background: Periodontitis is the inflammation of the periodontal supporting tissues. The response of periodontal tissues to local bacteria leads to bone resorption and destruction of periodontal junction. Given the possible association between periodontitis and low bone mineral density, the aim of present study was to find if measurement of salivary biomarkers as a less invasive method, can provide an appropriate screening method for assessment of bone mineral density in patients with chronic periodontitis?Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 53 people, including 28 patients with severe chronic periodontitis and 25 healthy people between April 2014 to March 2015 in Zahedan (southeast of Iran). Following Periodontal examination, salivary samples were collected, and the concentration of salivary calcium and phosphate were measured and reported as mg/dl. Bone mineral density of participants was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and reported as gr/cm 2 .Results: No significant association was found between concentrations of salivary calcium and phosphate levels with bone mineral density in either healthy people or in patients with severe chronic periodontitis, despite a significant bone density reduction (in the femur neck and lumbar spine L2-L4) in the periodontitis group compared to healthy people (P=0.006, and P=0.009 respectively). Conclusion:Concentration of salivary calcium and phosphate do not appear to be good indicators of bone mineral density. Further prospective studies with larger sample size are recommended.

The level of salivary endothelin-1 in patients with SCC and OLP was higher than that in healthy group. Thus, it can be used as the latest therapeutic protocol for oral premalignant and malignant lesions.

Nowadays, nano-technology is a promising option for scientists to enhance dental conditions and provide new techniques to offer a more reliable and comfortable therapeutic pickups. In this regard, there are different methods to manufacture novel nano-structured dental materials, and also modern drug delivery techniques. In this review article, all our efforts are based on the recently nano-dental approaches closely linked to treat or prevent some common dental diseases including tooth erosion, tooth sensitivity, periodontal disease, oral cancer, and so on. All the data and articles putted in this survey are gathered from Google Scholar, PubMed, and some dental databases.

Background:Periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis, are considered the main cause of tooth loss in the elderly. The present study is aimed to determine the relationship between periodontal condition and quality of life. Quality of life consists of a range of people’s objective needs related to the self-perception of well-being.Methods:This study was done from January 2014 to June 2015 in a healthcare clinic in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Using the random sampling method, the researchers enrolled 700 individuals over 35 years of age. The participants initially completed a demographic questionnaire consisting of data, such as age, sex, educational level, and smoking habit. Then, the periodontal chart was completed. Moreover, patients, based on the number of their natural teeth, were divided into two groups (≥10 teeth in both maxillary and mandible arches and <10 teeth in at least one arch). The body mass index (BMI) was also measured. To assess the participants’ general health, the WHO’s quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was used.Results:Of the 700 enrolled individuals, 53.3% were womenand 47.7% were men. Moreover, most of the participants (63.71%) had BMI of less than 25 and 68% did not smoke. We found that as the people’s periodontal status deteriorated, their quality of life also declined and the total mean score in all four health domains decreased (P<0.001). Moreover, people with more than 10 teeth in both arches scored higher with respect to life quality than those with less than 10 teeth in at least one arch (P<0.001).Conclusion:This studyindicates a decrease in the general quality of life in patients with periodontal disease. The authors suggest performing studies with larger sample sizes andcohort studies for more reliable results.

Scaffolds made of biodegradable materials play a very important role in repairing bone defects. Our study was conducted with the aim of investigating inflammation, vascular changes, and tissue necrosis after the placement of 3D printed scaffolds composed of beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP-β) on the calvarial bone defect of mice. Eight samples of scalp tissue in mice were examined in four groups (one-week control, two-week control, one-week experiment, and two-week experiment). Mice with routine bone defects were selected as the control group and mice with bone defects with β-TCP scaffolds were selected as the experimental group (TCP). The groups were evaluated in terms of inflammatory cells, osteoblast and osteoclast cells, vascular changes, and the number of resorption pit and empty lacuna. The results demonstrated a decrease in inflammatory cells and an increase in osteoclast and osteoblast cells in bone defect sites placed with TCP-β scaffolds (p<0.05). The results of histological staining showed pit resorption and further vascularization in the place of TCP-β scaffolds, but these changes were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Examining the number of empty lacunae in the bone defect site showed that TCP-β could significantly reduce the number of these lacunae in the bone defect sites placed with TCP-β scaffolds (p<0.05). 3D printed scaffolds composed of TCP-β that were implanted in bone defect sites were effective in reducing the inflammatory responses, emptying lacunae and increasing bone regeneration.

Background: Although a correlation between anxiety states, stress, and the occurrence of periodontal disorders has been reported, more research on other psychological symptoms seems to be necessary. Objectives: To evaluate the association between psychological disorders and periodontitis. Patients and Methods: In a case-control study, 40 patients with chronic periodontitis and 40 healthy individuals, all between 20 to 40 years old and able to read and write, participated. Clinical examinations were performed by a single examiner. Psychological assessment was done using the SCL-90-R questionnaire.

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Background/Purpose. In terms of the detection of tooth diagnosis, no intelligent detection has been done up till now. Dentists just look at images and then they can detect the diagnosis position in tooth based on their experiences. Using new technologies, scientists will implement detection and repair of tooth diagnosis intelligently. In this paper, we have introduced one intelligent method for detection using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and our mathematical formulation. This method was applied to 2D special images. Using developing of our method, we can detect tooth diagnosis for all of 2D and 3D images. Materials and Methods. In recent years, it is possible to implement intelligent processing of images by high efficiency optimization algorithms in many applications especially for detection of dental caries and restoration without human intervention. In the present work, we explain PSO algorithm with our detection formula for detection of dental caries and restoration. Also image processing helped us to implement our method. And to do so, pictures taken by digital radiography systems of tooth are used. Results and Conclusion. We implement some mathematics formula for fitness of PSO. Our results show that this method can detect dental caries and restoration in digital radiography pictures with the good convergence. In fact, the error rate of this method was 8%, so that it can be implemented for detection of dental caries and restoration. Using some parameters, it is possible that the error rate can be even reduced below 0.5%.