Based on the results of this study, the bulk-fill resin composites could be an alternative for direct restorations in posterior teeth. However, clinical trials of longer duration are required.

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Aims : During the COVID-19 pandemic the search for complementary methods to enhance manual disinfection in dental and medical practices raised relevance. We sought evidence for the addition of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) disinfection to manual cleaning protocols —and whether it improves the logarithmic (log) reduction of surface pathogen colonies. Methods : This review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD420200193961. Six electronic sources were consulted looking for clinical trials performed in healthcare environments in which pathogens were quantified by colony-forming unit (CFU)-enumeration before and after interventions, all databases were last consulted on May 2021. We assessed the risk of bias using an adapted Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). The certainty of the evidence was qualified according to the Classification of Recommendations, Evaluation, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results : We identified 1012 records and 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All included studies reported enhanced disinfection in the UV-C arm; most of them reported 1-log to 2-log reduction in approximately 10 to 25 minutes. Only three studies reached a 5-log and 6-log reduction. When manual cleaning was performed alone, only two studies reported a 1-log reduction using a chlorine-based disinfectant. We detected a high risk of bias in 1 study. Certainty of evidence was classified as moderate and low. Conclusions : The evidence points out the effectiveness of UV-C technology in reducing manual cleaning failures, enhancing the logarithmic reduction of surface pathogen colonies. However, the safety and success of these devices will depend on several physical and biological factors. A judicious project must precede their use in clinical and medical offices under the supervision of a physicist or other trained professional.

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The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the influence of occlusal reduction on the postoperative pain levels after endodontic treatment (instrumentation and obturation of the root canal system). This review followed the PRISMA statement and was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42018107918). Two independent reviewers searched the Lilacs, Cochrane Library, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, and ScienceDirect for articles published until April 2021. The research question was, "Does occlusal reduction decrease postoperative pain in endodontically treated teeth?". Only randomized clinical trials were included. The RevMan 5 program was used for meta-analysis, calculating the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the dichotomous outcome (presence or absence of pain). The search strategies retrieved 4114 studies. Twelve studies were included for qualitative analysis and nine for quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis results did not reveal a significant difference in the reduction of postoperative pain levels for endodontic instrumentation at 6, 12, 24, 48 h and for endodontic obturation at 6 or 12 h after occlusal reduction. According to the GRADE tool, the analyzed outcome was classified as having a moderate level of certainty. It is concluded that occlusal reduction does not interfere with postoperative pain levels after endodontic treatment.

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