Background:The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between mental endurance and psychological well-being of male chess players. Methods: 87 male active licensed chess players participated in the study. Ethics committee approval was obtained for the research. Mental endurance scale, psychological well-being scale and personal information form were used to collect the research data. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed for the research scales. In addition to descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyzes are included in the relational model. Results: Considering the average values obtained from the research scales, it was found that the mental endurance and psychological well-being levels of chess players were high, and there was a positive and high level relationship between mental endurance and psychological well-being within the scope of the relational model (r = 0.742; p < 0.001), and it has been found that mental endurance has a significantly high and positive contribution on psychological well-being in sports (β = 0.745; p < 0.001). Conclusions: It can be said that as the mental endurance of chess players improves, their psychological health will also be positively affected. It can also be stated that, especially by directing the young generation to chess, their mental endurance and psychological health will be improved in a positive way.
The population of this study, which was carried out to evaluate the different variables of social intelligence levels of athletes in different branches, included the athletes who participated in group competitions of the sports federations of badminton, basketball, wrestling, hockey, karate, judo, softball, water polo, and table tennis in Turkey, and the sample group consisted of a total of 387 active athletes, 219 females and 168 males with an average age of 15,05 ± 2,06; who participated in competitions and voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. In addition to the demographic form, the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale developed by Silvera et al. (2001) and validity and reliability in Turkish made by Doğan and Çetin (2009) was used to collect data in the study. As a result, while there were no significant differences in the social intelligence levels of the athletes in terms of the gender variable, it was found that they had significant differences according to the sports branch, education level, duration of sportsmanship, and the education level of parents. In this study, it was determined that the athletes got a moderate score from the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale.
This study was conducted with hearing-impaired elite greco-roman wrestlers to determine the relationships and variations in heart rates (HR), blood lactate (La) levels and number of performances during the maximal effort and recovery periods. Voluntary 8 hearing-impaired elite male wrestlers with an average age of 21,75±2,05 years participated into present experiments. Resting heart rates of the athletes were determined before the maximal effort, blood samples were taken for lactate levels, athletes took warm up and stretching exercises for 15 minutes. For maximal effort, athletes performed hip-headlock throw technique for 2 minutes in 3 periods. Proper performances were counted and heart rates were measured in between the periods. To determine recovery characteristics of the athletes after maximal effort, HR and La levels were determined at 3rd, 15th and 30th minutes after maximal effort.Heart rate responds to hip-headlock throws at the end of the 1st period were lower than the heart rates at the end of the 2nd and 3rd periods and heart rates at the end of the 2nd period were lower than the heart rates at the end of the 3rd period (p<0.05). Number of performances in the 1st period was greater than the number of performances in the 2nd and 3rd periods and number of performances in the 2nd period was greater than the number of performances in the 3rd period (p<0.05). HR values increased and number of performances decreased with the progress of periods. There were significant differences in HR and number of performances of the periods (p<0.05).HR and La reached to the maximum levels right after the end of wrestling game and a significant decrease was observed after the 3rd minute of resting (p<0.00). Significant decreases continued at the 15th and 30th minutes of the resting as compared to the 3rd minute (p<0.00). Blood lactate levels also reached to the maximum at the 3rd minute of resting with the effort spend in the 3rd period; then significant decrease was observed at the 15th minute of resting (p<0.00) and significant decreases were also observed in blood lactate levels between the 15th and 30th minutes of resting (p<0.00).It was concluded based on present findings that increasing heart rates negatively influenced number of performances. In other words, tiredness had negative effects on number of performances. Present findings also revealed that during the recovery period, lactate levels decreased quite slower than heart rates. In this sense, it was assumed that La level was the primary criterion of the recovery.
Bu araştırma ile evrensel bir değer olan hoşgörü kapsamında taekwondo sporcularının hoşgörü eğilimlerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Osmaniye ilinde lisanslı olarak taekwondo sporu yapan sporcular oluştururken, örneklem grubunu ise araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden yaş ortamaları 12.96 ± 2.73, 113 kadın, 60 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 173 taekwondo sporcusu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Çalışkan ve Sağlam (2012) tarafından geliştirilerek geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği yapılan "Hoşgörü Eğilim Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır.Araştırmada tanımlayıcı istatistiğin yanı sıra, Independent-Samples T testi, One-Way Anova-Tukey analizlerine yer verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; sporcuların hoşgörü eğilimlerinde cinsiyet, sporculuk tecrübesi, anne ve baba eğitim seviyelerine bağlı olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulgulanmamakla birlikte, yaş gruplarına göre anlamlı değişimler bulgulanmıştır. Araştırma ölçeği formundan elde edilen ortalama değerler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, taekwondo sporcularının hoşgörü eğilimlerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ulaşılan bu sonucun Türk sporcuları ve toplumu adına sevindirici olduğu da söylenebilir.
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