A Gram-positive and catalase-negative coccus that formed chains, designated strain FP48-3 T , isolated from fermented sausage ('mum'), was studied systematically. Strain FP48-3 T was facultatively anaerobic and produced L-lactic acid from glucose. Straight-chain fatty acids C 18 : 1 and C 16 : 0 were the dominant components. The DNA G+C content of strain FP48-3 T was 37.9 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA and RNA polymerase a-subunit (rpoA) gene sequence analysis, strain FP48-3 T was closely related to Enterococcus hirae LMG 6399 T , Enterococcus durans LMG 10746 T and Enterococcus faecium LMG 11423 T , with 99.3-99.6 and 95.1-96.9 % sequence similarities, respectively. Strain FP48-3 T could be clearly distinguished from E. hirae LMG 6399 T , E. durans LMG 10746 T and E. faecium LMG 11423 T by low DNA-DNA relatedness (¡14 %) and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, this strain represents a novel species of the genus Enterococcus, for which the name Enterococcus thailandicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FP48-3 T (5KCTC 13134 T 5NBRC 101867 T 5NRIC 0107 T 5TISTR 933 T 5PCU 282 T ).Enterococci have been isolated from plants, soil, animals, humans and raw and prepared food including meat, poultry, fish, egg, milk, cheese and vegetables and traditional fermented foods (Knudtson & Hartman, 1992; Sukontasing et al., 2007). The classification of the genus Enterococcus has undergone considerable changes as a consequence of the increase in the number of novel species and also improvements in the methods used to discriminate separate species (Baele et al., 2000;Merquior et al., 1994;Naser et al., 2005). At the time of writing, 34 Enterococcus species names have been validly published (Euzéby, 1997; last full update May 14, 2008). Several species groups, Enterococcus faecium, E. avium, E. gallinarum, E. cecorum, E. faecalis and other species groups, including E. saccharolyticus, E. sulfureus and E. dispar, were revealed based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (Hardie & Whiley, 1997; Švec et al., 2006). Here we describe a novel bacterium, strain FP48-3 T , isolated from fermented sausage ('mum'), and propose that it represents a novel species, based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and 16S rRNA and RNA polymerase a-subunit (rpoA) gene sequence analysis.Samples of fermented sausage were collected from Khonkaen province, north-eastern Thailand. Cocci arranged in chains were isolated from the samples using GYP-CaCO 3 agar (Tanasupawat et al., 1992). Cultures grown using GYP-sodium acetate-mineral salt broth (Tanasupawat et al., 1992), adjusted to pH 7.2, were used for working cultures. All tests were performed by incubating the cultures at 30 u C. Cell shape, size, arrangement and colony appearance were examined using cells grown on GYP agar for 3 days. Gram staining was done as described by Hucker & Conn (1923). Spore formation was examined using the Gram-stained specimen. Results of the oxidation-fermentation test and motility were examined in soft agar (Whittenbur...

The taxonomic position of a lactic acid bacterium, strain L13 T , isolated from senmaizuke, a Japanese traditional pickle, was studied. This strain was a heterofermentative, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It produced DLlactic acid from glucose. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence and physiological and biochemical characteristics indicated that the strain was a member of the genus Lactobacillus. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain L13T was closely related to

A Gram-positive and catalase-negative coccus that formed chains, strain FP15-1 T , isolated from fermented tea leaves ('miang'), was studied systematically. The strain was facultatively anaerobic and produced L-lactic acid from glucose. Demethylmenaquinone (DMK-7) was the major menaquinone. Straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids C 16 : 1 and C 18 : 1 were the dominant components. The DNA G+C content was 37.8 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA and RNA polymerase a subunit (rpoA) gene sequence analysis, strain FP15-1 T was closely related toEnterococcus italicus KCTC 5373 T , with 99.2 and 93.8 % similarity, respectively. The strain could be clearly distinguished from E. italicus ATCC 5373T by low DNA-DNA relatedness (¡33.8 %)and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, this strain represent a novel species of the genus Enterococcus, for which the name Enterococcus camelliae sp. nov. is proposed. The enterococci comprise an important group of lactic acid bacteria found ubiquitously in the environment, the gastrointestinal tract, traditional fermented foods and dairy products. The classification of the genus Enterococcus has undergone considerable changes as a consequence of the increasing number of species and also improvements in methods to discriminate between species (Baele et al., 2000;Merquior et al., 1994;Naser et al., 2005 (Fortina et al., 2004), by comparison of partial sequences for three housekeeping genes, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase a subunit (pheS), RNA polymerase a subunit (rpoA) and the a subunit of ATP synthase (atpA), and as confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization (Naser et al., 2006). In the present paper, we describe a novel Enterococcus strain from fermented tea leaves ('miang') based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and 16S rRNA and rpoA gene sequence analysis.Samples of fermented tea leaves were collected from Chiangmai province, in the northern part of Thailand. Cocci in chains were isolated from the samples using GYPCaCO 3 agar (Tanasupawat et al., 1992). GYP-sodium acetate-mineral salt broth (Tanasupawat et al., 1992) (pH 7.2) was used for working cultures. All tests were performed by incubating the cultures at 30 u C. Cell shape, size and arrangement and colony appearance were examined using cells grown on GYP agar for 3 days. Gram staining was done as described by Hucker & Conn (1923). Spore formation was examined in the Gram-stained specimen.Results of the oxidation/fermentation test and motility were examined in soft agar (Whittenbury, 1963). Catalase activity,The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA and rpoA gene sequences of strain FP15-1 T are respectively EF154454 and EF197993.16S rRNA gene sequence-based maximum-likelihood and maximumparsimony trees are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper. hydrolysis of gelatin, aesculin, arginine and starch, nitrate reduction, production of gas from glucose, gluconate and citrate and acid formation from carbohydrates were tested as reported by Tanasupawat et al. (1992)...

Microorganisms actively catabolize substrate, and bioelectricity is generated. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) could be utilized as a power generator in small devices. The discovery of species of microorganisms is called Rhodopseudomonas palustris KU-EGAT 13. The experiments have been conducted with the production of electricity from this type of microorganism in a single chamber microbial fuel cell. The study used 4 surface roughness of anode electrode single chamber micro fuel to study the performance of microbial fuel cell effect from the anode. Three stainless steel plates were polished to uniform roughness to the magnitude between 0.05 and 1 µm. After 24 h of experimentation, the rough electrode’s open-circuit voltage (OCV) and power densities were much higher than that produced by the smooth one. Moreover, the smooth surface is higher than the charge-transfer resistance of the rough electrode. The rough surface’s better electrochemical performance is due to denser biofilm grown on the surface, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and figuring out the microbial number in an image using an ImageJ program. HIGHLIGHTS The new discovery of species of microorganisms is called Rhodopseudomonas palustris KU-EGAT 13 which can produce electricity in a single chamber microbial fuel cell The performance of MFCs has gotten an effect from the different anode surface roughness.The biomass growth is larger than a rougher anode surface, which contributes to anode’s efficiency After observed by SEM, found that when it is in the highest anode surface roughness directed towards the number of microbes stick on the surface GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT