A novel infrared‐assisted spouted bed drying (IRSBD) was adopted in this work to produce probiotics enriched Chinese yam snacks with high quality. The effects of drying temperature (30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and airflow speed (16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 m/s) on drying characteristics, probiotics retention as well as storage stability and physical‐chemical qualities of yam snacks were studied. Results showed that the higher drying temperature and higher airflow speed were beneficial to shorten the drying time. Drying conditions had great effects on the polysaccharide yield, color, sensory quality, and storage stability of dried yams. Based on weighted comprehensive scoring, the product scores ranged from −1.092 to 0.647 were obtained. The optimal drying parameters for probiotics enriched Chinese yams were drying temperature of 40°C and airflow speed of 22 m/s. Under this condition, the probiotics could remain above 1 × 106 CFU/g for 42 days. Practical applications The healthy snack foods enriched with probiotics can meet consumers’ health demands, providing intestinal protection for people. In order to keep probiotics active, freeze‐drying are generally used but with high cost. IRSBD is an innovative combined drying technology based on infrared drying (IRD) and spouted bed drying (SBD) to overcome the nonuniform infrared heating of IRD and enhance the thermal efficiency of SBD. It was employed to dehydrate probiotics enriched Chinese yam, the products with best quality and storage stability were achieved under conditions that drying temperature of 40°C and airflow speed of 22 m/s. IRSBD provides a potential method for producing dried and probiotics enriched fruit and vegetable snacks with high‐quality.
The Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-speed Railway runs through a region of over 500[Formula: see text]km that is amenable to frequent winds. The strong wind and rainfall pose a great threat to the safe operation of high-speed trains. To tackle the aforementioned climate challenges, this paper investigates the dynamic response of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupling system under the simultaneous action of winds and rains for the safe operation of trains. Specifically, there are four main objectives: (1) to develop a finite element model to analyze the dynamic response of the train-track-bridge system in windy and raining conditions; (2) to investigate the aerodynamic loads posed to the train-track-bridge system by winds and rains; (3) to evaluate the effects of wind speed and rainfall intensity on the train-track-bridge system; and (4) to assess the safety of trains at different train speeds and under various wind-rain conditions. To this end, this paper first establishes a train-track-bridge model via ANSYS and SIMPACK co-simulation and the aerodynamics models of the high-speed train and bridge through FLUENT to form a safety analysis system for high-speed trains running on the bridge under the wind-rain conditions. Then, the response of the train-track-bridge system under different wind speeds and rainfall intensities is studied. The results show that the effects of winds and rains are coupled. The rule of variation for the train dynamic response with respect to various wind and rain conditions is established, with practical suggestions provided for control of the safe operation of high-speed trains.
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