Electroluminescent composites have considerable potential for applications in photoelectric display, electric field measurement and other fields due to their advantages of simple preparation and uniform luminescence. However, high voltage required by the operation of electroluminescent composites hinders their applications in the electric domain, and research on the relationship between electroluminescence principle of composites and filler intrinsic attributes is insufficient. In this paper, the effects of electric field strength, filler mass fraction and voltage frequency on the electroluminescence intensity of ZnS: Cu/epoxy composites are studied, which are majorly used as the luminescent layer of electroluminescent devices. To enhance the electroluminescence intensity of composites, high-temperature sintered BaTiO 3 and zinc oxide whiskers (ZnOw) particles are introduced in the base matrix. The finite element method is applied to verify that the matrix of high dielectric constant is in favour of improving the electroluminescence intensity of composites. The band structure of the ZnS: Cu particle is calculated based on the density functional theory + U method to analyse the intrinsic relationship between electroluminescence and particle electronic structure. This paper provides a basis for the research of high electroluminescence intensity devices and will be conducive to better understanding on the relationship between electroluminescence principle and filler intrinsic attributes.
At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, China proposed the ambitious goal of achieving carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. To investigate the impact of emission reduction behaviors of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain, this paper focuses on the influencing factors of the supply chain enterprises’ emission reduction decision-making. The study aims to explore the emission reduction behaviors of these enterprises in the context of China’s carbon trading market. Using the theory of system dynamics, an evolutionary game model was developed and simulated using AnyLogic software. The simulation analyzed the effects of carbon price, subsidies, and punishment strategies on the emission reduction decisions of supply chain enterprises, providing insights into their behavioral impact. The results demonstrate that punishment, subsidy intensity, and carbon price changes all influence the emission reduction decisions of upstream and downstream enterprises. Suppliers are more sensitive to carbon price, while manufacturers are more sensitive to subsidy intensity. Additionally, the closer the equilibrium carbon price, subsidy, and market are, the shorter the time for the emission reduction probability of both enterprises to stabilize. Therefore, it is recommended that supply chain companies increase their awareness of environmental responsibility and enthusiasm for green innovation, actively respond to the carbon trading system, improve their internal subsidy system, and promote green technology innovation.
Aiming at the issue of unsatisfactory selectivity of single‐terminal protection, and poor speed and high requirements for data synchronization of double‐terminal protection in flexible DC distribution networks, an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based method is proposed to obtain the best clustering centres through unsupervised clustering analysis of historical data to realize the non‐deterministic flexible DC distribution line protection principle. The method forms historical data samples by simulating different types of short‐circuit faults at different locations of the line in advance, combining them with the actual faults, and collecting and processing the post‐fault currents. The K‐means clustering algorithm is then used to find the best clustering centres corresponding to different fault types, and fault identification and pole selection are realized by comparing the distance between real‐time data and each clustering centre. The process relies merely on single‐terminal current as the characteristic quantity, and it does not need complicated feature extraction and calculation. Thus, the cumbersome threshold setting in conventional current protections can be avoided. Finally, the case studies are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the results show that the proposed protection has good selectivity and rapidity, and the tolerance to fault resistance is improved compared with the conventional local‐current‐based protections.
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