Purpose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an eye disease that develops under the influence of regional population differences, genetic factors, age, and environmental factors and is characterized by visualization of a gray-white fibrogranular substance in the lens anterior capsule and/or pupil margin during anterior segment examination. The underlying biochemical mechanisms of the disease have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was designed to show the changes in aqueous humor and blood serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (decorin and tenascin C), total antioxidants (TAS), and total oxidants (TOS) in both cataract patients who have unilateral PEX material and cataract patients who do not have unilateral PEX material. Methods Biological samples were simultaneously collected from 22 cataract patients who had unilateral pseudoexfoliation (PEX patients) and 22 cataract patients who did not have unilateral pseudoexfoliation (control patients). From the collected biological samples, decorin (DEC) and tenascin C (TN-C) were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and TAS and TOS were measured with an autoanalyzer. Results When decorin, tenascin C, and TOS values of PEX patients were compared with those of control patients, there was a statistically significant increase in all three parameters. Conversely, TAS values showed a statistically significant decrease in PEX patients compared to controls. DEC, TN-C, TAS values, and TOS values were significantly higher in aqueous fluid than in blood in both the PEX patient and control groups. Conclusions We suggest that parameters such as DEC, TN-C, TAS, and TOS play a role in the etiopathology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Thus, bringing these increased levels of extracellular proteins and TOS and decreased levels of TAS back to within physiological limits can mediate the reorganization of the blood-aqueous fluid barrier and slow the progression of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT) and central corneal epithelial thickness (CCET) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and the effect of the duration of diabetes, the degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and HbA1c level.Method: CCT and CCET values of 72 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM and 72 healthy individuals were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The eye tear function was evaluated with the Tear Break-up Time test (TBUT) and the Schirmer test. From the results of fundus examination, the diabetic patients were grouped as those without DR, with non-proliferative DR, and with proliferative DR. The disease duration and the HbA1c levels were recorded.Results: In the diabetic patients, the mean CCT was determined to be thicker (p=0.025), the CCET was thinner (p=0.003), and the TBUT and Schirmer values were lower (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The duration of diabetes and the HbA1c level were not found to have any statistically signi cant effect on these parameters (p>0.05). The presence of retinopathy had no signi cant effect on CCT, TBUT and Schirmer values. The CCET was determined to be thinner in patients with retinopathy (p<0.001). Conclusion:As the corneal epithelial thickness is reduced in patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy, corneal epithelial pathologies can be seen more often. Therefore, early and effective treatment can be started taking into consideration the complications which may develop associated with the corneal epithelium following surgical procedures, especially those applied to the cornea.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT) and central corneal epithelial thickness (CCET) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and the effect of the duration of diabetes, the degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and HbA1c level. Method: CCT and CCET values of 72 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM and 72 healthy individuals were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The eye tear function was evaluated with the Tear Break-up Time test (TBUT) and the Schirmer test. From the results of fundus examination, the diabetic patients were grouped as those without DR, with non-proliferative DR, and with proliferative DR. The disease duration and the HbA1c levels were recorded. Results: In the diabetic patients, the mean CCT was determined to be thicker (p=0.025), the CCET was thinner (p=0.003), and the TBUT and Schirmer values were lower (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The duration of diabetes and the HbA1c level were not found to have any statistically significant effect on these parameters (p>0.05). The presence of retinopathy had no significant effect on CCT, TBUT and Schirmer values. The CCET was determined to be thinner in patients with retinopathy (p<0.001). Conclusion: As the corneal epithelial thickness is reduced in patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy, corneal epithelial pathologies can be seen more often. Therefore, early and effective treatment can be started taking into consideration the complications which may develop associated with the corneal epithelium following surgical procedures, especially those applied to the cornea.
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