Decorin, Tenascin C, Total Antioxidant, and Total Oxidant Level Changes in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

Abstract

Purpose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an eye disease that develops under the influence of regional population differences, genetic factors, age, and environmental factors and is characterized by visualization of a gray-white fibrogranular substance in the lens anterior capsule and/or pupil margin during anterior segment examination. The underlying biochemical mechanisms of the disease have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was designed to show the changes in aqueous humor and blood serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (decorin and tenascin C), total antioxidants (TAS), and total oxidants (TOS) in both cataract patients who have unilateral PEX material and cataract patients who do not have unilateral PEX material. Methods Biological samples were simultaneously collected from 22 cataract patients who had unilateral pseudoexfoliation (PEX patients) and 22 cataract patients who did not have unilateral pseudoexfoliation (control patients). From the collected biological samples, decorin (DEC) and tenascin C (TN-C) were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and TAS and TOS were measured with an autoanalyzer. Results When decorin, tenascin C, and TOS values of PEX patients were compared with those of control patients, there was a statistically significant increase in all three parameters. Conversely, TAS values showed a statistically significant decrease in PEX patients compared to controls. DEC, TN-C, TAS values, and TOS values were significantly higher in aqueous fluid than in blood in both the PEX patient and control groups. Conclusions We suggest that parameters such as DEC, TN-C, TAS, and TOS play a role in the etiopathology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Thus, bringing these increased levels of extracellular proteins and TOS and decreased levels of TAS back to within physiological limits can mediate the reorganization of the blood-aqueous fluid barrier and slow the progression of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

The Role of Trace Elements in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study

“…[6,25,26] On the other hand, different environmental factors such as solar radiation, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, and dietary factors such as high coffee consumption and low dietary folate intake are associated with increased risk of PXF. [7][8][9][10]27] The role of trace elements in the hormonal imbalance has been investigated in previous studies. Zhang et al showed that Cu level increases and Zn level decreases in polycystic ovarian syndrome which is related to hormonal imbalance.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] The etiology of PXF syndrome is not exactly known, but a multifactorial complex model including genetic inheritance combined with environmental factors, such as geographic location, UV exposure, and decreased serum and aqueous levels of antioxidants have been suggested as the contributing factors. [5][6][7][8][9][10] According to the recent studies, oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PXF syndrome and decreased levels of different antioxidants has been investigated in the serum and aqueous samples of patients suffering from PXF syndrome. [2][3][4][8][9][10] Although in a few studies, the serum and aqueous levels of some microelements have been determined in these patients, the possible effect of microelements on the prevalence and/or severity of PXF syndrome has remained controversial.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] According to the recent studies, oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PXF syndrome and decreased levels of different antioxidants has been investigated in the serum and aqueous samples of patients suffering from PXF syndrome. [2][3][4][8][9][10] Although in a few studies, the serum and aqueous levels of some microelements have been determined in these patients, the possible effect of microelements on the prevalence and/or severity of PXF syndrome has remained controversial. [11][12][13] Based on the previous studies and considering the high frequency of PXF in Iran, especially in rural areas and in malnourished subjects, the authors aimed to design the present study to determine the serum levels of iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium in patients with pseudoexfoliative cataract compared with the control group.…”

Evaluation of oxidative stress, 3-Nitrotyrosine, and HMGB-1 levels in patients with wet type Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…Icel et al [40] reported that TOS level was found to be significantly higher while TAS was found to be low in the study of diabetic rats. Oruç et al [41] found that the TOS value was high while the TAS value was found low in humorous aqueous of pseudoexfoliation patients, and they reported that normal these levels may slow the progression of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. In a study conducted by Altını ık et al [42] in patients with retinal vein occlusion, it was found that the oxidative stress index in humor aqueous was high, while TAS values were low.…”

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome: The critical role of the extracellular matrix in pathogenesis and treatment

“…It is also known that it binds to collagen fibrils. However, its role in the PEXS pathogenesis is not specified yet 47 . When it comes to GAGs, studies have shown that patients with PEXS tend to have higher levels of hyaluronan (HA) compared to healthy individuals.…”