A novel gold atomic cluster-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (AuAC/PEDOT/Au) nanocomposite modified gold electrode has been designed for the trace level sensing of catechol. The addition of copper(II) enhanced the electro-catalytic oxidation of catechol via the formation of copper(I). The electrochemically synthesized PEDOT/Au and the AuAC/PEDOT/Au hybrid films were characterized by electrochemical and morphological methods. Under optimal conditions the nanocomposite modified electrode offers a wider calibration range of 1 × 10(-4) to 10 μM with a lowest detection limit of 6.3 pM for catechol. Moreover, the developed electrochemical sensor exhibited good selectivity and acceptable reproducibility (1.23% for 1 nM of catechol) and could be used for the routine detection and quantification of catechol in natural water samples. To gain a better understanding of such an excellent sensor performance achieved with this electrode, studies were undertaken to pinpoint electrode kinetics of charge transfer processes.

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An electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode with good sensitivity and selectivity was developed and applied for sensing AA, DA and UA.