A huge earthquake of magnitude M 9.0 occurred at 00:58 (UT), December 26, 2004, in the sea off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, followed by a huge tsunami that hit almost all coasts facing the Indian Ocean. We conducted a field survey in the residential area of Banda Aceh, the town of the severest damage by the tsunami, on the west coast of the northernmost point Sumatra, Sigli City, about 80 kilometers east of Banda Aceh three-four weeks after the event. In Banda Aceh, almost all houses in the residential area about 2 km from the coast were swept away, while houses more than 3 km rarely were. Inundation continued about 5 to 6 km from the shoreline. In Lhoknga and several villages on the west coast of Sumatra Island near Banda Aceh, where tsunamis 15 to 30 meters high hit coastal villages, nobody survived. Along the valley about 1 km north of the cement plant, seawater rose to a height of 34.8 m above MSL, which is the highest recorded inundation measured in our survey.
A ship is an important means of transportation for archipelagic countries such as in Indonesia. The development of ship technology in the world has shown a rapid progress, where various innovations have been made in the effort to ease and accelerate the sea transportation system. These are ranging from the design of ships, cargo and logistics handling systems, and enhancement of regulations related to ship safety. Lighter Aboard Ship (LASH) is an innovation of ship type that has the concept as a ship loading lighter barges. This ship is designed to reduce waiting times at the port and reduce the use of port docks, so that it is highly suitable to serve the small islands where adequate port facilities are typically not available. The aim of the study is to design a LASH that will be used as a means of transportation of goods in the Kangean Archipelago. This is a group of small islands located in the easternmost of Sumenep District with a total population of 192,807 people forecasted by 2019. The LASH vessel size is determined by using the optimization with linear programing. The initial stages are the definition of owner requirements, which include primarily the cargo load capacity and ship speed. The design in turn provides the main dimensions of the LASH, namely the Length Over All (LOA) of 48.71 m, breadth moulded (Bmld) 10.43 m, and deck height moulded (Hmld) 4.09 m.
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