The study aims to analyze the export performance of countries and of cities within them to identify synchronized or unsynchronized movement between them. In the empirical part of the study, the measurements used to analyze the export performance of the countries included in the literature are applied to establish the export performance of a single city—Sakarya, Turkey. These measurements include the Herfindahl–Hirchman product and market concentration indices, the Lawrence index, the trade complementarity index, and the Grubel–Lloyd intra-industry index, as well as additional indicators with local or regional contexts. The limited number of studies analyzing the export competitiveness of a single city with relevant formats in the literature reveal the significance of the study.

This paper investigates whether inflows of FDI and innovative activities act as a channel of knowledge spillovers in improving quality of countries' output. In measuring export quality, sophistication of a country's export basket is utilized. Utilizing panel data of countries for the period 2002-2015 and applying GMM methodology, the results indicate that the level of financial development, the quality of human capital and globalization of a country have a determinant role on the relation between knowledge spillover channels and the quality of exports. Patent applications generally positively affect sophistication of exports. FDI serves as a channel for knowledge spillovers to benefit the sophistication level of exports only for developed, more educated, financially developed and globalized countries.

Bu çalışmada her geçen gün ilgiyle izlenmeye devam edilen sanal para birimi Bitcoin'de çoklu balonların varlığı Phillips, Shi ve Yu (2015) tarafından geliştirilen GSADF birim kök testi ve kritik değerlerin tespitinde her türlü değişen varyans problemini hesaba katarak işlem yapan Harvey, Leybourne, Sollis ve Taylor (2016) tarafından geliştirilen metot takip edilerek araştırılmıştır. Veri seti 16.07.2010 ve 31.12.2017 tarihleri arasında günlük bazdaki 24 saatlik ortalama Bitcoin fiyatlarından oluşmaktadır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda söz konusu veri aralığının büyük bir kısmında Bitcoin fiyatlarında çoklu balonların varlığı görülmüştür.

This study aims to find out the impacts of international trading activities of firms on the their capital structure and profitability by using panel data analysis of the manufacturing companies listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) for the period of 2009-2014. For this purpose we analyzed 107 manufacturing firms that declared international trade and financial data figures. We observed an inverse effect of import level on the long-term debt ratio and the negative impact of export level on the profitability. Every one-unit increase in import ratio decreases long term debt ratio by 0.0764, and every one-unit increase in export ratio decreases profitability by 0.0517. According to empirical findings there is no effect of import level on the short-term debt ratio, shareholder equity ratio and profitability. At the same time there is no effect of export level on the long term debt ratio, short term debt ratio and shareholder equity ratio.

Increased competition with globalization has led multinational companies and suppliers to find cost-effective solutions to ensure competitive advantage. This tendency causes enterprises to shift their production to partially lower-cost markets. However, this approach ignores unpredictable and hidden costs and risks, especially in supply. Therefore, "The Strategy of Best Cost Country Sourcing" has begun to gain importance. The aim of this study is to propose a model for the determination of the risks in the selection of suppliers under the "Best Cost Country Sourcing Strategy". With the model, firm specific financial risks, national specific financial risks and global risks affecting Small and Medium Size Enterprices (SMEs) in 11 European Union countries were analyzed with the fuzzy logic method between 2006-2016. ÖZKüreselleşmeyle birlikte artan rekabet, çok uluslu şirketleri ve tedarikçilerini rekabet avantajı sağlayabilmeleri amacıyla, özellikle maliyet etkin çözümler bulmaya yönlendirmiştir. Bu yönelim, işletmelerin üretimlerini kısmi olarak daha düşük maliyetli pazarlara kaydırmalarına neden olmuştur. Ancak bu yaklaşım, özellikle tedarikte öngörülemeyen ve gömülü maliyetleri ve riskleri göz ardı etmektedir Bu nedenle "En İyi Ülkeden Tedarik Stratejisi" gittikçe önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, "En İyi Ülkeden Tedarik Stratejisi" kapsamında tedarikçilerin seçiminde risklerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir model önerisi sunmaktır.Oluşturulan model ile 11 Avrupa Birliği ülkesinde yerleşik KOBİ'leri etkileyen ülkeye ve firmalara özgü mali riskler ve küresel riskler 2006-2016 yılları arasında bulanık mantık yöntemi ile analize tabi tutulmuştur.