In this paper, it has been aimed to reveal the possible effects of Covid-19 Coronavirus epidemic on stock markets. In the analysis using daily data between 23 January 2020 and 13 March 2020, possible effects on stock markets has been investigated with Maki (2012) cointegration test using both Covid-19 daily total death and Covid-19 daily total case. According to the results obtained, all stock markets examined with total death act together in the long run. It has been understood that total cases have cointegration relationship of SSE, KOSPI and IBEX35 and do not have cointegration relationship with FTSE MIB, CAC40, DAX30. In this regard, it is considered as one of the optimal option for investors to avoid investments in stock markets, turn to investment in gold markets, which is the safe investment port of each crisis period in long run. Also, considering the possibility of turning all life into an internet environment, turning to cryptocurrencies is seen as another alternative option for investors. In this direction, it will be the preference of investors to turn to derivative markets and to the stock markets of countries where Covid-19 is relatively rare to avoid risk.
The relation between foreign direct investment and carbon emission together with globalized economic structure has become an important research area. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate aspects of how increase in foreign direct investments is affecting carbon emission. In the application, the period 1970-2010 was examined and firstly, foreign direct investments are observed casual of carbon emission via linear and nonlinear causality tests. Secondly, long-term integration between these two variables is determined by cointegration test with two structural breaks. Lastly, the aspects of this relation are specified with the FMOLS and CCR cointegration estimators. As findings, the Pollution Halo Hypothesis which claims increase in foreign direct investments is parallel with decrease in carbon emission, is valid for United States, France and United Kingdom; on the other hand, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis which accepts these increased investments raise environment and air pollution, is valid only forCanada.
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