There are many solutions to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus and one of the most effective solutions is wearing a face mask. Almost everyone is wearing face masks at all times in public places during the coronavirus pandemic. This encourages us to explore face mask detection technology to monitor people wearing masks in public places. Most recent and advanced face mask detection approaches are designed using deep learning. In this article, two state-of-the-art object detection models, namely, YOLOv3 and faster R-CNN are used to achieve this task. The authors have trained both the models on a dataset that consists of images of people of two categories that are with and without face masks. This work proposes a technique that will draw bounding boxes (red or green) around the faces of people, based on whether a person is wearing a mask or not, and keeps the record of the ratio of people wearing face masks on the daily basis. The authors have also compared the performance of both the models i.e., their precision rate and inference time.

Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of congenital blood vessel disorders more typically referred to as birthmarks. Subcategorized into vascular tumors and malformations, each anomaly is characterized by specific morphology, pathophysiology, clinical behavior, and management approach. Hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors. Lymphatic, capillary, venous, and arteriovenous malformations make up the majority of vascular malformations. Arteriovenous malformation of the head and neck is a rare vascular anomaly but when present is persistent and progressive in nature and can represent a lethal benign disease. Here we present a case report of a 25-year-old male patient with arteriovenous malformation involving the base of tongue.

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Cathepsin S (CTSS) activity is elevated in Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) patient tears. Here we tested whether protease inhibition and cystatin C (Cys C) levels are reduced in SS tears, which could lead to enhanced CTSS-driven degradation of tear proteins. CTSS activity against Cys C, LF and sIgA was tested in SS or healthy control tears. Tears from 156 female subjects (33, SS; 33, rheumatoid arthritis; 31, other autoimmune diseases; 35, non-autoimmune dry eye (DE); 24, healthy controls) were analyzed for CTSS activity and Cys C, LF, and sIgA levels. Cys C and LF showed enhanced degradation in SS tears supplemented with recombinant CTSS, but not supplemented healthy control tears. CTSS activity was significantly increased, while Cys C, LF and sIgA levels were significantly decreased, in SS tears compared to other groups. While tear CTSS activity remained the strongest discriminator of SS in autoimmune populations, combining LF and CTSS improved discrimination of SS beyond CTSS in DE patients. Reductions in Cys C and other endogenous proteases may enhance CTSS activity in SS tears. Tear CTSS activity is reconfirmed as a putative biomarker of SS in an independent patient cohort while combined LF and CTSS measurements may distinguish SS from DE patients.

Background:Alterations in serum lipids have long been associated with cancer as lipids play an important role in maintenance of cell integrity.Aims:To evaluate alterations in plasma lipid profile in oral cancer patients, to compare and correlate the serum lipid profile in different grades of carcinoma and to evaluate the correlation of serum lipid profile between the tobacco habituates and non-habituates.Materials and Methods:Among 75 study subjects, 50 individuals were oral carcinoma patients and 25 individuals were healthy controls. The parameters assessed included total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides (TGL). These groups were subdivided into subjects with no habit of tobacco (NHT) and subjects with habit of tobacco (WHT).Stastical Analysis Used:Evaluation of results and statistical analysis was carried out using Student's t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance.Results:There was a significant decrease in TC, HDLC and TGL in the oral cancer group as compared with the control group. The lipid profile levels between histological grading of the oral cancer and between WHT and NHT had no statistical significance.Conclusions:There was an inverse relationship between serum lipid profile and oral cancer. The lower serum lipid status may be considered a useful indicator for initial changes occurring in the neoplastic cells.

This paper explores the effect of logic block architecture on the speed of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Four classes of logic block architecture are investigated: NAND gates, multiplexer configurations, lookup tables, and wide-input AND-OR gates. An experimental approach is taken, in which each of a set of benchmark logic circuits is synthesized into FPGA's that use different logic blocks. The speed of the resulting FPGA implementations using each logic block is measured. While the results depend on the delay of the programmable routing, experiments indicate that five-and six-input lookup tables and certain multiplexer configurations produce the lowest total delay over realistic values of routing delay. The primary reason is that these blocks can implement typical logic using the fewest levels of logic blocks, and thus incur a small number of stages of the slow programmable routing present in all FPGA's. The secondary reason is that their inherent combinational delay is not excessive. The fine grain blocks, such as the two-input NAND gate, exhibit poor performance because these gates require many levels of logic block to implement the circuits and hence require a large routing delay.

Eleven monkeys with bilateral lesions of the frontal granular cortex and 11 matched controls were observed during pairings with each of 12 stimulus monkeys. The frontal subjects were more withdrawn and distressed than the control animals. The operated animals showed less proximity and contact with the stimulus animals, directed less exploration toward the inanimate environment, and displayed more fear grimacing, screeching, and other disturbance behaviors. The stimulus animals, in turn, interacted less with the frontal monkeys than with the controls. They spent less time near the operated animals, and less frequently mounted and presented to them. Overall, the operated subjects directed more challenges toward the male stimulus animals, threatening them more than was appropriate for the circumstances, although levels of overt physical aggression were no higher, and in some cases depressed, in the monkeys with frontal lesions.

Context:The correlation of serum and salivary lipid profile has been poorly characterized. The most commonly used laboratory diagnostic procedures for lipid profile involve analysis of cellular and chemical constituents of blood/plasma. As a diagnostic aid, saliva offers many advantages over serum.Aims:To evaluate and compare the serum and salivary lipid profile levels in healthy individuals and to validate the role of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for assessing lipid profile.Settings and Design:The present study was a prospective study.Materials and Methods:A total of 100 healthy study subjects who had no complaint or any major illness in recent past were selected. The parameters assessed included serum and salivary: total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLC), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDLC) and triglycerides (TGL).Statistical Analysis Used:Evaluation of results and statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive, correlation and regression analysis.Results:There was a moderate level of correlation between serum and salivary TC, TGL, HDLC and VLDLC and there was a low and quite small correlation between serum and salivary LDLC. For all the five parameters assessed as a part of lipid profile, the correlation coefficients were highly significant statistically and also, with an increase in the serum mean values, corresponding increase in the saliva mean values for all the five parameters was noted.Conclusions:From the present study we conclude that saliva can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for assessing lipid profile.