The antioxidant activities of four genotypes of basil species were selected for biochemical studies, viz., Ocimum sanctum L. (Rama Tulsi), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Krishna Tulsi), Ocimum gratissimum L. (Van Tulsi), and Ocimum basilicum L. (Babui Tulsi) for the antioxidant properties. Ocimum L. is considered useful in the treatment of respiratory system disorders, reduction of blood glucose level and is regarded as an 'adaptogen' or anti-stress agent. The phytochemical analysis of the plant leaves extract to the estimation of standard biochemical methods such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase activity, antioxidant, flavonoids, total phenols, protein as well as total carbohydrates, starch and reducing and non-reducing sugar. The biochemical studies revealed that the starch (98 mg/gfw), the content was found to be higher in O. gratissimum. Similarly the other parameters such as total sugar (159 mg/gfw), non-reducing sugar (61mg/gfw), Peroxidase (142 U/mL), Catalase (188 U/mL), SOD (92.47 U/mL), PPO (462 U/mL) were found to be higher in O. sanctum. On the other hand, soluble protein (62 mg/gfw), total flavonoids (325 mg/gfw) and total flavonols (486 mg/gfw) were found to be higher in O. tenuiflorum. Total antioxidants (136.45 mg/gfw), reducing sugar (108 mg/gfw) and phenol (479 mg/gfw) were found to be higher in O. basilicum. The result shows that the best genotype among the four follows the trends O. sanctum > O. basilicum > O. tenuiflorum > O. gratissimum. On the basis of the result, the two genotypes can be recommended for medicinal purpose in the pharmaceutical application.
The present study was an attempt to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidants potential of the methanol extract of leaves of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., a known hepatoprotectant. For the evaluation of antioxidant activities of silymarin, assayed of total antioxidant activity, total reducing power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH), superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) chelating activity. The phytochemicals of silymarin were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by using standard methods. Qualitative analysis revealed that S. marianum is rich in phytochemicals, viz., alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, flavonoids and glycosides. Quantification of flavonoids (223 mg/g) and phenols (312 mg/g) were also evaluated. The DPPH and chelating activity of silymarin were significantly high, i.e., 95% and 85%, respectively at 21 µg/ml concentration, whereas FRAP and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay showed maximum activity, i.e., 0.88 and 0.089, respectively at 21 µg/ml concentration. Free radicals scavengers like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions showed maximum inhibition percentage, i.e., 83% and 96%, respectively at 21 µg/ ml concentration. The research study concludes that the leaves of S. marianum showed the highest antioxidant activities at 21 µg/ml. It could be used in low concentrations in herbal medicine, pharmacological and food industry effectively.
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