Sensorineural hearing loss affects one to two children out of 1000 born apparently healthy and 9% approximately of those born with the risk of different pathologies. The origin of premature deafness is unknown in 25% of children whereas it is genetic in some cases. Prevention and early diagnosis, possibly within six to eight months, aim to avoid deafness becoming a cause of disability. The aim of the present study was to establish the optimal preoperative assessment with a diagnostic imaging protocol involving the integrated use of CT and MRI in the selection of the candidates for cochlear implantation. Twenty children were assessed, divided into three different groups: A) those who had CT only; B) those who had only MR; C) those who had both CT and MRI. The purpose was to estimate diagnostic accuracy in preoperative planning and the role of imaging in the diagnostic protocol for children's deafness. The petrous pyramid was studied with a CT Picker PQ 6000 system to high resolution in the axial and coronal planes, and with an MR Intera Philips 0.5 T device by means of acquisition of sequences B-TFE T2 3D and MIP reconstructions on radial coronal plans. This study was completed successfully for morphological brain MRI examination to complete the diagnosis. The following abnormalities were found in six patients (30%): one case of incomplete partition (Mondini malformation); two cases of vestibular aqueduct enlargement; two cases with anomalous jugular bulb positioning; one case with cochlear ossification. In the remaining 70%: eight patients had no anatomical anomalies; CT and MRI imaging were normal in six patients with minor abnormalities disclosed at surgery (one case of the stapedial artery emerging from the promontory); three anatomical variants of the round window, and two abnormal course of the facial nerve). We emphasize the importance of integrated CT and MRI imaging in the study of children with sensorineural hearing loss. The combination of CT and MRI has been shown to be superior to either modality used alone in view of "risk-free" cochear implantation. High resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance images obtained by B-TFE T2-weighted 3D sequences help the surgeon in planning the operation and predict operative difficulty and potential complications in paediatric cochlear implant candidates.
Through the comparison of five accounting registers compiled by the officers of the mints of the Kingdom of Naples, between 1453 and 1576, the author attempts to establish what influence had on the reign bureaucratic apparatus the Benedict Cotrugli knowledge regarding Double Entry. The results of research put in evidence the different application that the ragusan did of this accounting tool respect to Pacioli, because over to being the first exhibitor and to have it used in the management of their company, he released it at every socioeconomic level: personal, state and theoretical. ASTRATTOAttraverso il confronto di cinque registri contabili compilati dagli ufficiali delle zecche del Regno di Napoli, tra il 1453 e il 1576, l'autore tenta di stabilire quale influenza abbiano avuto nell'apparato burocratico regnicolo le conoscenze di Benedetto Cotrugli in materia di Partita Doppia. I risultati della ricerca pongono in evidenza il differente impiego che il raguseo fece di questo strumento contabile rispetto al Pacioli, in quanto oltre ad esserne stato il primo espositore e ad averlo utilizzato nella gestione della propria azienda, lo diffuse ad ogni livello socio-economico: personale, statale e teorico. RESUMENPor medio de la comparación de cinco registros contables compilados por los oficiales de las fábricas de moneda del Reino de Nápoles, entre 1453 y 1576, el autor intenta establecer qué influencia tuvo en el reino el aparato burocrático el conocimiento de Benedicto Cotrugli sobre la partida doble. Los resultados de la investigación ponen en evidencia la diferente aplicación que hizo el raguseo de esta herramienta contable respecto a Pacioli, ya que al ser el primero en mostrarlo y tenerlo utilizado en la gestión de su empresa, lo lanzó a todos los niveles socioeconómicos: personal, estatal y teórico. 1 a. Enviado/Submitted: 17-02-16 b. Aceptado/Accepted: 10-02-17
We describe an 18-year-olkd woman with progressively worsening invalidating low back pain with functional limitation of the lumbar spine on x-ray. MR scans disclosed early disc degeneration and L5-S1 median posterior herniation possibly resulting from a complex bone-muscle-ligament malformation of the lumbosacral spine mainly characterised by an abnormal adipose-like signal in the L5-S1 interspinous region. Surgical findings confirmed the absence of the L5-S1 interspinous ligament and support the hypothesis that vertebral instability was the outcome. The literature was reviewed and the images of our case compared. We emphasize the role of MR scanning in spine disease and suggest that the images of all metameres should be assessed as a whole and correlated with the spine axis to disclose or rule out possible vertebral instability.
Resumen: A través de un privilegio preservado en el Archivo de la Corona de Aragón ha sido posible no solo reconstruir algunos eventos de la vida de Loise De Rosa, autora de los Ricordi, sino también descubrir la existencia del oficio de guardián de los assaggi de oro, de plata y cobre hechos en ceca de Nápoles. También se reconstruyen las características institucionales de esta oficina, que fue ejercida por el De Rosa durante el reinado de tres reyes angevinos y dos aragoneses. Palabras clave: Loise De Rosa, ceca de Nápoles, guardián de los assaggi, Alfonso El Magnánimo, Corona de Aragón, Ricordi, siglo XV. Abstract: Through a privilege preserved in the Archive of the Crown of Aragon it was possible not only to reconstruct some events of the life of Loise De Rosa, author of the Ricordi, but also to discover the existence of the office of keeper of the golden assaggi, silver and copper made in the mint of Naples. Furthermore the institutional features of this office are reconstructed, also because De Rosa exercised it during the reign of three Angevin rulers and two Aragoneses. Keywords: Loise De Rosa, mint of Naples; keeper of the assaggi, Alfonso the Magnanimous, Crown of Aragon, Ricordi, 15th century.
SommarioLa sindrome di Vernet o del foro lacero posteriore, affezione poco frequente, e caratterizzata da contemporanea omolaterale lesione dei tre nervi cranici IX,X,XI. Spesso e secondaria a fratture del basicranio o a compressioni da neoplasie o da adenolinfopatie. La S. e caratterizzata dalla paralisi dei muscoli innervati da questi tre nervi: paralisi del costrittore superiore del faringe (IX), paralisi dei velopendulo e del m. laringei (IX eX), paresi del trapezio e dello sternocleido-mastoideo (XI). I! quadro clinico e aspecifico, potendo orientare, in assenza di traumi, per una neoformazione della base cranica o compressione linfoadenomegalica, mentre la valutazione radiologica convenzionale e spesso negativa.Viene descritto in caso di Vernet, associato a miosi, secondario a dissecazione della carotide interna Sx nei tratti extra e intracranico, estendentesi da Cl a! tratto intrapetroso, accorso in un paziente di anni 59 giunto alla nostra osservazione per disfonia, disfalgia, ageusia, paralisi dello sterno cleido mastoideo a Sx e miosi omolaterale, comparse acutamente, ad evoluzione ingravescente nelle prime 24 ore e risoltosi spontaneamente nei successivi 30 giorni. I! caso e stato studiato con tutte le metodiche neuroradiologiche a disposizione vale a dire, Rx cranio standard, tomografia computerizzata, angiografia digitale e risonanza magnetica. Vengono discussi gli aspetti clinici e iconografici della sindrome e sottolineato il ruolo chiave svolto dalla RM nella diagnosi e nella valutazione prognostica dell'affezione. IntroduzioneIl CMV e un virus ubiquitario a DNA. Appartiene alla famiglia dei virus Herpes e l'uomo rappresenta l'unica riserva esistente. Rappresenta la causa piu cornune e piu grave di infezione congenita del sistema nervoso centrale per trasmissione transplacentare.Scopo del nostro lavoro e valutare la reale incidenza delle forme da CMV nel soggetto non immunodepresso e nel soggetto immunodepresso. EpidemiologiaNegli Stati Uniti, dal50% all'SO% delle donne in eta fertile presenta una positivita sierologica peril CMV.Il5% delle donne in stato di gravidanza elimina il virus con le urine, e, tra queste, il 40% trasmette il virus per via transplacentare al feto gia nel corso del primo trimestre, provocando nel 70% dei casi una grave anomalia di migrazione neuronale per coinvolgimento diretto della matrice germinativa.Il virus esiste in realta in forma latente nella maggior parte della popolazione adulta, causando una complessa sindrome neurologica caratterizzata da corioretinite, encefalite, mielite, poliradicolopatia e/o neurite periferica solo se vengono meno le difese immunitarie. Esso rivela uno spiccato neurotropismo, in particolare per la sostanza grigia, per l'ependima ventricolare e, in misura leggermente inferiore, per la sostanza bianca. Nei pazienti immunocompromessi invece il CMV induce una encefalite che rappresenta la riattivazione di una infezione silente.In pazienti affetti da AIDS induce il CMV soprattutto una encefalite sottocorticale demielinizzante, forma questa a lun...
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