Ultraviolet light type C (UV-C) was studied as a tool to increase enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses and phytochemical levels in 'Isabel' grapes (Vitis labrusca×Vitis vinifera L.). Grapes were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0kJm UV-C and stored for 1, 3, or 5days post-treatment. One day after UV-C irradiation, the activities of grape antioxidant enzymes and thiols were increased, especially at 1.0 and 2.0kJm. These doses increased total phenolic content by almost 20%, while 0.5 and 4.0kJm had no effects. Total monomeric anthocyanin content was increased by >35% by UV-C at 1.0kJm; however, anthocyanin profile was unchanged. Grape skin antioxidant capacity was also improved by UV-C irradiation. The 1.0kJm UV-C was considered the hormetic dose. Postharvest UV-C had an elicitor effect on 'Isabel' grapes, positively impacting the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content.
Currently, Rio Grande do Sul state is the main producer of blueberry in Brazil. Practically all production is commercialized in fresh state and only a small portion is subject to processing. The blueberry wine making process is an alternative to expand the beverage industry and offers to the consumer a value-added product as well as a new market for Brazilian blueberry producers. The objectives of this study were to produce wines from blueberries and to evaluate the effect of deacidification (with calcium carbonate) and chaptalization (with glucose syrup or sucrose) on physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant content, and sensory parameters. Samples were analyzed for total soluble solids, pH, total titratable acidity, total sugar content, alcohol content, monomeric and total anthocyanin, total flavonols, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP methods. The use of calcium carbonate caused a reduction in total titratable acidity, while the use of glucose syrup resulted in wines with low alcohol content. The blueberries wine from Climax and Aliceblue cultivars had higher content of anthocyanin when produced with glucose syrup. The use of calcium carbonate and glucose syrup also provided wines more appreciated by tasters in relation to color. With regard to flavor, George and Aliceblue were the cultivars with lower preference under the control treatments (without carbonate and sugar). The presence of phenolic compounds may have provided a positive influence on wine flavor, once the more preferred wines presented the greater phenolic content.
Caracterização, teor de polifenóis totais e atividade antioxidante em diferentes tipos de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) para chimarrãoCharacterization and determination of the total polyphenols contents and the antioxidant activity in four types of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) for preparing chimarrão RESUMO Considerando-se a ampla utilização das folhas da erva-mate, bem como os benefícios advindos de seu emprego, neste estudo foi avaliada a qualidade de quatro tipos de ervas-mate nativas de espécime chimarrão: tradicional, com adição de 5 % e 10 % de açúcar, e a moída grossa, bem como a homogeneidade em três lotes dos produtos, correspondentes a diferentes semanas de processamento. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas, o teor de polifenóis totais e a atividade antioxidante. Os extratos aquosos de erva-mate foram elaborados a 85 ºC, mantidos em decocção em sistema fechado durante 10 e 30 minutos. As ervas-mate com adição de açúcar apresentaram menores teores de material mineral e de fibra bruta quando comparadas aos tipos tradicional e moída grossa. A erva-mate moída grossa acondicionada em embalagem laminada apresentou os menores valores de atividade de água em relação aos outros tipos de ervas acondicionados em embalagem de papel. A embalagem laminada também contribuiu para a menor absorção de oxigênio, que retarda a oxidação da clorofila e mantém a coloração verde do produto. Os extratos elaborados a partir da erva-mate moída grossa e os que permaneceram por maior tempo em decocção apresentaram maiores teores de polifenóis totais. Palavras-chave. Illex paraguariensis St Hill, caracterização, extratos aquosos, polifenóis totais, atividade antioxidante.
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