The species composition and the seasonal succession of phytoplankton were analyzed in a eutrophic drinking water reservoir located in the semi-arid region of northeast Brazil. Investigations were based on bimonthly or monthly sampling over 2 yr (1997 to 1998) conducted at 1 representative station with 2 sampled depths (0.5 and 5 m near the bottom). Limnological parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, light, dissolved inorganic nutrients) were simultaneously measured to determine the possible factors affecting the phytoplankton composition. We determined 30 taxa during the survey which were numerically dominated by the class Chlorophyceae. However, both in terms of abundance and biomass, Cyanobacteria dominated the phytoplankton community with Cylindrospermopsjs raciborslili (Wolsz.) Seenayya et Subba Raju. This species can represent biomass close to 96-100% of total phytoplankton biomass, with values reaching 70 mg 1-' (fresh weight) between April and November 1998. Over the survey, the filaments of C. raciborskii were coiled (average of 97 %) with a mean proportion of 12.3 % of terminal heterocytes. The species toxicity was determined from bioassay analysis and the presence of neurotoxins was revealed during the bloom. By March 1998, chlorophyll concentration reached 135 pg I-' at the surface level, inducing a sharp decrease of the euphotic zone depth. Favorable environmental conditions were observed for the bloom with high temperatures, high pH, low N/P ratio, and absence of efficient predators. The nutrient context seemed to play a role in the cyanobacterial bloom despite the absence of external nutrient supply. However, annual rain deficit and lack of water renewal in 1998 linked to the 1997 El Nifio consequences seem to be the major factors responsible for both hypereutrophic conditions and cyanobacterial blooms in the reservoir studied. Thus, global climate change can influence phytoplankton population dynamics in continental waters, as demonstrated frequently in oceanic ecosystems.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of zinc (Zn) supplementation on metabolic and neuroinflammatory parameters in cafeteria diet (CAF)-induced obesity in Wistar rats. Methods: Animals were divided into four groups: control diet (CT); CT+Zn; CAF; CAF+Zn. The diet was administered for 20 weeks; Zn treatment (10 mg/kg/d) started at week 16 and it was conducted until the end of the diet protocol. Weight gain, visceral fat, and plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, were assessed. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression in the cerebral cortex and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were evaluated. Memory was assessed by the novel object recognition test. Results: CAF diet increased weight gain, visceral fat, and plasma glucose, triglyceride, and TNF-α levels. Zn reversed the hyperglycemia caused by CAF diet and reduced IL-6 levels. In the cerebral cortex, GFAP was similar between groups; Iba-1 was increased by CAF diet but reduced in the CAF+Zn group. Zn reduced CAF-dependent TLR-4 increase in the hippocampus but not in the cerebral cortex. CAF-fed animals showed impaired recognition memory, whereas Zn reversed it. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that Zn partially reverted obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and reduced neuroinflammation and memory deficit caused by CAF diet.

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Obesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500mg/Kg/day) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated: body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus-maze test was performed to analyze anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect: p = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared to CAF+DHA/EPA, p < 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF+DHA/EPA compared to the CAF group (p < 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.

ensino de programação e o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional estão sendo adotados em diversas escolas no Brasil e no mundo, abrindo espaço para a discussão da formação de professores nesse contexto. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de oficina introdutória para a formação de professores, tendo sido realizado por meio de um estudo de caso, com natureza qualitativa. Como método, foi utilizada a observação do participante e a aplicação de dois questionários em uma oficina de formação de professores. A análise dos dados se deu com a escolha da análise de discurso para as questões abertas e com análise estatística descritiva para as questões quantitativas. Os resultados da investigação revelaram que os professores, em sua maioria, desconhecem a temática e, consequentemente, apresentam dificuldades em reconhecer a importância do uso do PC.

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É INDISCUTÍVEL A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ESCRITA ACADÊMICA, PRINCIPALMENTE NO AMBIENTE DE APRENDIZAGEM. O OBJETIVO DESTE ARTIGO É COMPREENDER COMO UMA FERRAMENTA PEDAGÓGICA COM FUNÇÕES DE MINERAÇÃO DE TEXTO, ALIADA AOS PROCESSOS METACOGNITIVOS, PODERÁ CONTRIBUIR PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DA ESCRITA ACADÊMICA. PARA A ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS FORAM ESCOLHIDAS AS ABORDAGENS QUALITATIVAS E QUANTITATIVAS, ASSIM COMO, O MÉTODO DE PESQUISA QUASE-EXPERIMENTAL E AS TÉCNICAS DE COLETA UTILIZADAS FORAM QUESTIONÁRIOS E DOCUMENTOS. PARA ANALISAR OS DADOS COLETADOS FORAM APLICADAS AS TÉCNICAS DE ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA DESCRITIVA E ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO. O EXPERIMENTO SE DEU COM 782 ALUNOS, DIVIDIDOS EM DOIS GRUPOS PARA APLICAÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO DOS RESULTADOS POR MEIO DA AVALIAÇÃO ÀS CEGAS DE UM GRUPO DE PROFESSORES SELECIONADOS. ALGUNS RESULTADOS SÃO PERCEPTÍVEIS NA TRAJETÓRIA DA INVESTIGAÇÃO, COMO POR EXEMPLO, AS SIGNIFICATIVAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO SOFTWARE GOCOH DESENVOLVIDO PARA IDENTIFICAR OS CRITÉRIOS DE ANÁLISE TEXTUAL QUE CONFIRMAM OU NÃO A COERÊNCIA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM TEXTO CIENTÍFICO.

Este artigo apresenta as dificuldades que os acadêmicos encontram para escrever textos científicos em consonância com os critérios de análise textual. O objetivo foi investigar como uma ferramenta de mineração de texto, capaz de organizálo graficamente, pode apoiar o processo de construção da escrita acadêmica para qualificá-la na dimensão da coerência. Foram escolhidas as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, com base em técnicas de coleta de dados como questionários, entrevistas e relatórios. Para analisar os dados foram empregadas estatísticas, análise de conteúdo e triangulação. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram verificar que a ferramenta auxiliou os professores na avaliação das produções dos alunos, quanto a coerência.