AbstrAct:Prevalence of oral and maxillofacial diseases is highly variable depending on the region, country and source of the data. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial diseases diagnosed in an Oral Medicine service during a 7-year period. All clinical charts from patients attending the service in the period were reviewed to retrieve demographic and clinical data; diagnosis were classified in groups, distributed in absolute and relative values and analyzed with respect to their frequency. A total of 1075 clinical charts were reviewed and females represented 60% of the sample. Mean age of the patients was 41 years (ranging from 1 month to 94 years old) and most patients were in their fourties to fifties. A total of 1444 oral diseases were diagnosed and the most prevalent groups were soft-tissue tumors (184 cases, 12.7%), developmental defects (161, 11.2%) and epithelial diseases (127, 8.8%). Individually, the most frequent diseases included fibrous hyperplasias (120 cases, 8.3%), candidosis (77, 5.3%), periradicular inflammatory lesions (72, 5.0%) and potentially malignant disorders (52, 3.6%). Oral carcinomas represented 2.5% of the sample (36 cases). The present results reflect the frequency of oral diseases diagnosed in a specialized service in southeastern Brazil and will allow the establishment of preventive strategies and the adequacy of the clinical services offered to the target population.

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Introdução: A perda da superfície dos dentes ou lesão não cariosa, é um processo fisiológico que ocorre com o decorrer do envelhecimento, mas pode ser considerado patológico quando o grau de destruição cria problemas funcionais, estéticos ou de sensibilidade dentária. Diversos fatores podem contribuir em parte, mas não necessariamente simultânea ou igualmente como causa das lesões não cariosas. Apesar dos casos de desgaste (atrição, abrasão, erosão, abfração) ser comumente discutidos como alterações independentes, na maioria das vezes a perda da superfície dos dentes é resultado de uma combinação de fatores. Um dos grandes desafios é identificar ou quantificar a influência de fatores como o consumo excessivo e abusivo de drogas e substâncias ácidas, fatores ambientais e agentes etiológicos intrínsecos como o refluxo gastresofágico. O tratamento imediato deve ser direcionado para a resolução da sensibilidade e da dor, entretanto, a investigação da causa é primordial. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é, através de uma revisão da literatura, auxiliar as diversas especialidades médicas a identificar corretamente os fatores etiológicos das lesões não cariosas. Palavras-chave: atrito dentário, abrasão dentária, erosão dentária. SUMMARYIntroduction: The loss of the teeth surface or not carious lesion, is a physiological process that occur during the aging, but can be considered as pathological when the degree of destruction creates functional problems, aesthetic or dental sensibility. Many factors can contribute in part, but not necessarily simultaneously or equally as the cause of the not carious lesions. Although the cases of attrition (attrition, abrasion, corrosion and abfraction) are commonly discussed as independent alterations, in most of the times the loss of the teeth surface is the result of a combination of factors. One of the greatest challenges is to identify or quantify the influence of factors like the excessive consumption and abusive of drugs and acid substances, environmental factors and intrinsic etiologic agents such as gastro esophageal reflux. The immediate treatment must be directed for the resolution of sensibility and from pain; however, the investigation of the cause is essential. Objective: The objective of this work is, through the literature review; help the many medical specialties to identify correctly the etiologic factors of not carious lesions.

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