This study evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fatty acids from the marine red algae Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand 1997 and Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris 1991. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified nine fatty acids in the two species. The major fatty acids of P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba were palmitic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity of fatty acids was moderate ranging from 25.90% to 29.97%. Fatty acids from P. capillacea (31.18%) had a moderate ferrous ions chelating activity (FIC), while in O. obtusiloba (17.17%), was weak. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of fatty acids from P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba was low. As for β-carotene bleaching (BCB), P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba showed a good activity. This is the first report of the antioxidant activities of fatty acids from the marine red algae P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba.
This study evaluated the effect of salt stress on the growth of Lippia gracilis Schauer, a species native to the caatinga (shrublands) of Brazil and rich in essential oils, as well as on the quality of its oil. We exposed individuals of L. gracilis to NaCl, in the following concentrations, for a period of 40 days: 25 mM; 50 mM; 75 mM; and 100 mM. An additional group of plants was not exposed to NaCl (controls). Data were collected on days 20 and 40. We evaluated relative growth rate; shoot and root dry weight; relative water content; proline concentration in leaves; and chemical composition of the essential oil. At all concentrations, NaCl reduced the relative growth rate in comparison with that observed for the controls. No significant difference in relative water content was observed among treatments. In all treatments, the proline concentration in leaves was highest on day 40. Salt stress did not affect the yield or the concentrations of the constituents of the essential oil of L. gracilis, carvacrol and thymol showing the highest concentrations in all treatments.
Três naftoquinona, (11S, 13S, 16R)-cordiaquinona J ((+)-cordiaquinona J), 6-[10-(12,12-dimetil-13α-hidroxi-16-metil-ciclohexil]-1,4-naftalenodiona (cordiaquinona L) e 5-metil-6-[10-(12,12-dimetil-13β-hidroxi-16ciclohexil)-metil-1,4-naftalenodiona (cordiaquinona M) foram isoladas do extrato etanólico das raízes de Cordia leucocephala Moric. Estas naftoquinonas, exceto a cordiaquinona M foram quantificadas por CLAE no extrato bruto das raízes de C. leucocephala. Os padrões da (+)-cordiaquinona J e cordiaquinona M foram identificados no cromatograma pelos respecttivos tempo de retenção e espectro-UV. A quantificação das duas naftoquinonas apresentou teores de 310 μg de (+)-cordiaquinona J e 180 μg de cordiaquinona M, em 100 mg de raízes dessa espécie vegetal.
RESUMO No Nordeste brasileiro, cuja vegetação predominante é Caatinga, muitas plantas nativas ou exóticas são potencialmente ricas em propriedades curativas, porém pouco exploradas ainda pela ciência. O trabalho foi realizado durante agosto de 2011 a junho de 2012, onde foram coletadas amostras bacterianas dos tetos dos animais através de swabs estéreis. Isolados e devidamente identificados, os microrganismos foram sujeitos a antibiogramas com os meios alternativos, controles positivos e negativo através da técnica de difusão em Ágar de poço. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a ação dos extratos de Favela (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), Catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis) e Nim (Azadiracta indica) sobre bactérias isoladas de tetos de cabras no assentamento de Cordão de Sombra no Município de Mossoró-RN. ABSTRACT In Northeast Brazil, whose predominant vegetation is Caatinga, many native or exotic plants are potentially rich in healing properties, but little explored yet by science. The work was conducted during August 2011 to June 2012, where bacterial samples were collected from the teats of animals through sterile swabs. Once isolated and properly identified, the microorganisms were subjected to antibiograms with alternative means, positive and negative controls through the well agar diffusion technique. The objective of the work was to evaluate the action of extracts of Favela (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), Catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis) and Neem (Azadiracta indica) on bacteria isolated from teats of goats in the settlement Cordão de Sombra in the Municipality of Mossoró-RN.
O estudo desenvolvido a partir da questão: quais práticas, normas e métodos seriam representativos da cultura escolar institucionalizada em escolas do sudeste goiano, na primeira metade do século XX? A presença de práticas, normas e métodos investigadas em três instituições escolares, cuja amostra contemplou duas escolas confessionais e uma escola agrícola federal, por meio da consulta a fontes dos acervos escolares, buscou aspectos distintos da cultura escolar interna. No percurso metodológico, dedicado a localizar os documentos, caracterizar as fontes por afinidade e semelhança, a fim de obter as variáveis que corroborassem na interpretação dos vestígios das marcas da cultura escolar nas instituições, com foco nas práticas, normas e métodos inscritos nos documentos oficiais, referenciado em autores e obras da vertente da história das instituições escolares. Nos resultados evidenciamos a existência de práticas, normas e métodos, observando semelhanças e singularidades, tanto no formato quanto na organização didático pedagógica das referidas instituições, dentre os quais destacam-se: os fins e objetivos educacionais, a ênfase no disciplinamento da conduta interna (regulamentos, normas, programas de ensino, horários, calendários); as interfaces da escola com a sociedade local e regional; a prescrição de condutas e rotinas; o culto de símbolos e rituais internos; as manifestações de obediência, disciplinamento e transgressão; os níveis de status e as distinções representativas da educação escolarizada. The study developed from the question: which practices, rules and methods would be representative of the school culture institutionalized in schools from the southeast of Goiás, in the first half of the 20th century? The presence of practices, norms and methods investigated in three school institutions, whose sample included two confessional schools and a federal agricultural school, through the consultation of sources from the school archives, sought distinct aspects of the internal school culture. In the methodological path, dedicated to locate the documents, characterize the sources by affinity and similarity, in order to obtain the variables that would corroborate in the interpretation of the traces of the marks of the school culture in the institutions, with focus on the practices, rules and methods registered in the official documents, referenced in authors and works of the branch of the history of school institutions. The results show the existence of practices, norms and methods, observing similarities and singularities, both in the format and in the didactic and pedagogical organization of the institutions: the educational purposes and objectives, the emphasis on the disciplining of internal conduct (regulations, norms, teaching programs, schedules, calendars); the interfaces of the school with local and regional society; the prescription of conduct and routines; the cult of symbols and internal rituals; the manifestations of obedience, disciplining and transgression; the levels of status and the representative distinctions of schooling.
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