O b se rv a tio n s w e re m a d e tw ic e e v e ry m o n th o v e r a p e rio d o f th r e e y e a rs, in 6 d if fe re n t fo re st asso c iatio n s, o f th e tra c e s le ft by ro e d e e r C ap re o iu s c a p re o tu s a n d re d d e e r C e rv u s e la p h u s jn v is itin g a n d fe e d in g in 60 e x p e rim e n ta l a re a s (3 ha). T h e e x te n t of fe e d in g of th e a n im a ls on d iffe re n t sp ecies of p la n ts w as e x a m in e d a n d also v a ria tio n s in food p re fe re n c e s d e p e n d in g on th e eco sy stem , age class o f th e tr e e sta n d , p h en o lo g ical seaso n a n d a b u n d a n c e o f th e v a rio u s sp ecies o f p la n ts. T h e food of d e e r in c lu d e s a ll sp ecies o f tre e s, a n d d w a rf-s h ru b s , a n d 63*/n of th e sp ecies o f d ic o ty le d o n o u s fo rb s, g ra sse s a n d sed g es o c c u rr ing in th e e x p e rim e n ta l a re a s . T re e s in c lu d e d in th e b a sic food of d e e r a re C a rp in u s b e tu lu s, F ra x in u s e x c e lsio r , Q u e rc u s ro b u r a n d S a lix caprea, w h ile th e d ico ty led o n o u s fo rb s m o s t co m m o n ly e a te n a re R a n u n c u lu s re p e n s , C a lifta p a iu s fris , F iltp e n d u la u lm a ria , A e g o p o d iw n p o dagraria an d im p a tie n s n o li-ta n g e re . T h e re is a re la tio n b e tw e e n th e a b u n d a n c e of a g iv e n p la n t in th e a r e a a n d th e in te n s ity w ith w h ich th e d e e r fe e d on it; th e g re a te r th e c o e ffic ie n t of a b u n d a n c e of a p la n t, th e g re a te r th e p e rc e n ta g e it fo rm s in th e a n im a ls ' d iet. T h e d e e r's in te n sity of feed in g v a rie s o v e r th e c o u rs e o f th e y e a r, w ith d is tin c t in te n sific a tio n in s u m m e r a n d w in te r, a n d d e p re ssio n s in s p rin g a n d a u tu m n . S u m m e r in te n sific a tio n of fe e d in g is c o n n e c te d w ith th e g re a te r v a rie ty o f sp ecies in th e a n im a ls ' d iet, w h ile th e w in te r in te n sific a tio n a ffects o n ly a s m a ll n u m b e r of sp ecies, ch iefly tre e s. D u rin g th e w in te r tre e s fo rm 85-95*/o o f th e a n im a ls ' food. D e e r fe e d ch iefly on th e y o u n g e r ag e cla sse s of tr e e s ta n d s, t h a t is, p la n ta tio n s an d th ic k e ts . P re fe re n c e s f o r th e d if fe re n t a g e cla sse s v a rie s, h o w e v e r, o v e r th e c o u rse of th e y e a r an d is c h a ra c te ris tic of th e d if fe re n t eco sy stem s. D ico ty led o n o u s fo rb s a re p a rtic u la rly p re fe rre d in th e g e n e ra tiv e stag e. O ne of th e w a y s in w h ic h d e e r o b ta in fo o d is b y s trip p in g th e b a rk fro m tr e e s a n d s h ru b s , th e sp ecies m o s t fr e q u e n tly b a rk e d b e in g P tc e a excelsa , T ilta c o rd a te , Q u e rc u s r o b u r a n d F ra x in u s e x c elsio r. E x a m in a tio n w as m a d e of th e c o n n e c tio n s b e tw e e n th e a n im a ls ' a c tiv ity a n d in te n sity of fe e d in g m w in te r. I...
K o ssa k S., 1983 : T ro p h ic re la tio n s of ro e d e e r in a fre s h d e c id u o u s fo re s t. A c ta th e rio l., 28, 6 : 83-127 [W ith 8 T a b le s & 5 Figs.] E x a m in a tio n w a s m a d e of th e tro p h ic re la tio n s of th e ro e d e e r C a p re o iu s c a p re o lu s (L in n a e u s, 1758) in th r e e a g e c lasses of tr e e s ta n d a n d a ls o in th e p a rtly -w o o d e d fa llo w la n d of a fre s h d e c id u o u s fo re s t in th e B iało w ież a P rim e v a l F o re s t. D a ta w e re o b ta in e d b y m e a n s of d ir e c t o b se rv a tio n s of c o n ta c ts b y g ro u p s of ta m e ro e d e e r w ith p la n ts . F o o d su p p ly a n d d e m a n d re la tio n s w e re in v e s tig a te d b y m e a n s of c o m p a rin g in te n s ity of fe e d in g by th e s e a n im a ls o n d if fe re n t p la n t sp e c ie s w ith th e a b u n d a n c e of th e la t te r 's o c c u rre n c e in th e a re a . R oe d e e r c o n su m ed 97 o u t o f th e 155 lig n e o u s a n d h e r b p la n t sp ecies g ro w in g th e re . T h is m o d e ra te c o n su m p tio n of th e fo o d s u p p ly (a b o u t 63VO) w a s d u e to th e lo w d e g re e of o c c u rre n c e of a c o n sid e ra b le n u m b e r of species. In c lu sio n of a p la n t in th e ro e d e e r's d ie t a n d its s ig n ific a n t c o n trib u tio n to w a rd s th e c o m p o sitio n of th e a n im a ls ' d ie t d e p e n d c h ie fly on th e d e g re e of th e p la n t's o c c u rre n c e in th e a re a . A c h a r a c te r is tic fe a tu re of th e food h a b its of ro e d e e r in a fre s h d e c id u o u s fo re s t is th a t d e m a n d is d e fin e d b y su p p ly . F ro m a b o u t 72®/o to 83®/* of c o n ta c ts w ith p la n t sp ecies c o n su m e d in p ro p o rtio n to th e ir o c c u r re n c e w e re re c o rd e d in su ccessiv e a g e c la sse s of tre e s ta n d s. S p ec ies in re s p e c t of w h ic h d e m a n d e x c e e d s su p p ly fo rm fro m 1.8*/o to 4.2®/o of c o n ta c ts. U sing w h a t a r e te rm e d " b its " , i.e. s ta n d a rd is e d u n its of c o n su m p tio n , e x a m in a tio n w a s m a d e of th e y e a rly cy cle of th e ro e d e e r's co n su m p tio n . P la n ts w h ich a re n o t b eco m in g lig n e o u s, i.e. h e r b p la n ts a n d th e c u r r e n t y e a r's g ro w th of lig n eo u s p la n ts , a n d th e ir le a v e s, fo rm food p a r tic u la r ly a ttr a c tiv e to ro e d e e r. T h e c o n sid e ra b le p ro p o rtio n of b ro w se in th e a n im a ls ' d ie t in w in te r is to a g r e a t e x te n t d u e to th e lack of m o re su ita b le food, a s is sh o w n b y th e a b ru p t d e c re a s e in th e ir c o n su m p tio n of b ro w se in fa v o u r o f h e rb la y e r p la n ts w h e n w in te r th a w s e x p o se th e h e r b la y er. Roe d e e r h a v e b e e n sh o w n to p r e f e r th e g e n e ra tiv e p a r ts o f h e rb la y e r p la n ts. To c o n clu d e th e d isc u ssio n on th e ro e d e e r's food p re fe re n c e s it w a s fo u n d th a t th e p ic ...
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