age ( ≥ 70 vs < 70 years). All data were recorded prospectively in an institutional approved database. RESULTSOf the 203 men, 23 (11%) were aged ≥ 70 years; the older men had similar baseline characteristics as younger men, and had characteristics during and after surgery comparable to those in younger men. The pathological RARP Gleason grade was significantly greater in older men. Surgical complications were not significantly different between the groups. Continence rates were significantly lower in older men at 6 months after surgery, but returned to levels equivalent to those in younger men within 12 months after surgery. Older patients took significantly longer to be capable of driving after surgery. CONCLUSIONSThe outcomes of RARP in elderly men are largely comparable to those in younger men, with the exception of higher pathological Gleason grade, a transient delay in return of continence, and taking longer to return to driving after surgery. Advanced chronological age should not be a contraindication for RARP in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, but expectations should be managed preoperatively.

Orthotopic urinary diversion can be performed safely in appropriately selected women with bladder cancer. Excellent oncological outcomes can be expected with a minimal risk of urethral recurrence. Preoperative bladder neck involvement is an important risk factor for urethral involvement but not an absolute contraindication to orthotopic diversion should intraoperative frozen section of the proximal urethra be without evidence of malignancy.

Selective alpha blocker therapy appears to be effective for improving bladder emptying in children with an overactive bladder, wetting, recurrent infection and increased PVR urine. This therapy may be used as either a replacement or in addition to biofeedback in patients with urinary retention. Further investigation, including a prospective randomized trial of alpha blocker therapy in children with urinary tract dysfunction, is warranted based on the findings of our study.

Nuclear receptor coactivators associate in a ligand-dependent manner with estrogen receptors (ER) and other nuclear receptors, and they enhance ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. This study examined basal coactivator expression in rat uterus to investigate if expression of these genes is regulated by estradiol-17 beta or tamoxifen. Ovariectomized mature and immature rats were injected with estradiol-17 beta, tamoxifen, or vehicle (i.e., sesame oil) alone. Uteri were collected and analyzed for changes in coactivator mRNA expression using Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses. Constitutive uterine mRNA expression of switch protein for antagonist (SPA), SRC-1, GRIP1, RAC3, RIP140, and p300 mRNAs was observed in control uteri, and treatment with ER ligands did not alter coactivator mRNA levels. The data suggest that expression of these coactivator genes is not sensitive to estradiol or tamoxifen in the rat uterus. No cell type-specific pattern of expression was apparent in uterine sections from mature and immature rats; however, silver grains were more abundant in luminal and glandular epithelial cells compared with the stroma and myometrium, indicating that coactivator mRNA levels vary among the uterine compartments. Thus, to our knowledge, we show for the first time that there is constitutive expression of several uterine nuclear receptor coactivators in a physiological setting that remains insensitive to estrogenic regulation. Furthermore, we speculate that higher constitutive levels of coactivator expression in glandular and luminal epithelial cells may be associated with increased hormonal responsiveness by these uterine compartments.

RALP is a feasible approach to patients with pathologically advanced PCa as 71% were without evidence of disease at 13 months postoperatively. PSM rate (20%) is comparable to previously reported open PSM rates (24-66%).

The use of RFA-assistance during robotic partial nephrectomy allows excision of renal tumors without hilar vascular clamping, thus eliminating renal warm ischemia. Larger and more centrally located tumors were excised with RF-RCPN. No differences in blood loss, complication rate, postoperative bleeding, renal function, or recurrence rate were noted compared with LPN.

surgeon (R.B.N.) were assessed. We retrospectively analysed two different treatment groups: group 1 underwent DVC ligation with a single suture, while group 2 underwent endovascular staple ligation. RESULTSOf the 162 patients evaluated, 67 had suture ligation (group 1) and 95 had staple ligation (group 2) of the DVC. Baseline patient characteristics (age, body mass index, biopsy Gleason score, clinical stage) and tumour characteristics (specimen weight, tumour volume, pathological Gleason score and stage) did not differ between the groups. Estimated blood loss (494 mL vs 288 mL), time to dissect out, ligate and transect the DVC (30 min vs 24 min), apical PSM rate (13.4% vs 2.1%) differed significantly between groups 1 and 2 respectively, favouring staple ligation of the DVC. At 6 months follow-up, there was no difference between the groups for PSA recurrence (3.7% vs 0%), complete continence (63.4% vs 55.7%) and Sexual Health Inventory for Men score (8.4 vs 8.6). CONCLUSIONSIn the present study, staple ligation of the DVC during RALP resulted in improved apical PSM rates, faster operative times and less blood loss.

The technique of awake intubation with prone patient self-positioning can be helpful for positioning morbidly obese patients before PCNL and has been safe and effective in properly selected patients. Efficacy of PCNL should not be impacted by obesity or prone positioning and morbidity minimized provided that surgical and anesthesia teams understand and safeguard against potential complications.