Hepatic
ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a severe pathophysiological
event during liver surgery or transplantation and could lead to liver
failure or even death. The energy supply of mitochondria plays an
essential role in preventing IR injury. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
is involved in maintaining the balance of energy by participating
in an oxidative phosphorylation process. However, the exact relationship
between IR and mtDNA remains unclear by reason of the lack of an accurate
real-time analysis method. Herein, we fabricated a mitochondria-targeting
fluorescent probe (mtDNA-BP) to explore mtDNA stability and supervise
the changes in mtDNA in IR liver. By virtue of pyridinium electropositivity
and suitable size, mtDNA-BP could accumulate in mitochondria and insert
into the mtDNA groove, which made mtDNA-BP fluoresce strongly. This
is attributed to the reduction of the intramolecular rotation energy
loss that is restricted by DNA. By in situ fluorescence imaging, we
observed in real time that mtDNA damage was aggravated by deteriorating
IR injury, so the ROS-mtDNA-mediated IR damage signal pathway was
speculated. Furthermore, on the basis of mtDNA-BP real-time response
capability for mtDNA, we established a drug-screening method for inhibiting
IR injury and found superior therapeutic performance of two potential
drugs: pioglitazone and salidroside. This work contributes to our
understanding of mtDNA-related disease and provides a new drug analysis
method.
Molting is an important physiological process in the larval stage of Bombyx mori and is controlled by various hormones and peptides. The silkworm mutant that exhibits the phenotype of non-molting in the 2nd instar (nm2) is incapable of molting in the 2nd instar and dies after seven or more days. The ecdysone titer in the nm2 mutant is lower than that in the wildtype, and the mutant can be rescued by feeding with 20E and cholesterol. The results of positional cloning indicated that structural alteration of BmCPG10 is responsible for the phenotype of the nm2 mutant. To explore the possible relationship between BmCPG10 and the ecdysone titer as well as the genes affected by BmCPG10, digital gene expression (DGE) profile analysis was conducted in the nm2 mutant, with the wildtype strain C603 serving as the control. The results revealed 1727 differentially expressed genes, among which 651 genes were upregulated and 1076 were downregulated in nm2. BLASTGO analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were involved in various biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. KEGG analysis indicated an enrichment of these differentially expressed genes in 240 pathways, including metabolic pathways, pancreatic secretion, protein digestion and absorption, fat digestion and absorption and glycerolipid metabolism. To verify the accuracy of the DGE results, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed, focusing on key genes in several related pathways, and the results were highly consistent with the DGE results. Our findings indicated significant differences in cuticular protein genes, ecdysone biosynthesis genes and ecdysone-related nuclear receptors genes, but no significant difference in juvenile hormone and chitin biosynthesis genes was detected. Our research findings lay the foundation for further research on the formation mechanism of the nm2 mutant.
The influence of the distance between target and torpedo water entering point and target heading on the airdrop torpedo trajectory and acquisition probability are studied and analyzed through modeling and simulating the torpedo underwater target search and attack. In such three cases as the same target board angle different range and different target angle the same target range and different angle different target range, the trend of target acquisition probability are put forward, which can provide some theoretical references for the actual operational research.
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