Optimizing the microstructure, the chemical composition, the surface-wrapped carbon nanolayer, and oxygen vacancies is expected to be an effective strategy for ameliorating electrochemical performance of anode materials. In this work, a series of mesoporous TiO 2 with different phase compositions and carbon nanolayers have been rationally designed and constructed. The in situ-synthesized carbon nanolayer could not only lead to the enhanced electric conductivity but also promote the content and stability of TiO 2 −B in the TiO 2 −B/anatase mixed phases. Moreover, mesoporous TiO 2 composites consisting of different ratios of TiO 2 −B/anatase with desired interfaces can be obtained by tailoring the carbonization temperature. As a result, the carbon nanolayer-coated mesoporous TiO 2 with the dual phase obtained at 600 °C (TiO 2 −B/anatase@C-6) not only achieves a high specific capacity (473.5 mA h g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 ) and a superior rate performance (181.9 mA h g −1 at a high current density of 5 A g −1 ) but also displays a long cycling lifetime by retaining 134% of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g −1 . The boosted electrochemical properties are owing to synergistic effects of the unique dual phase (TiO 2 −B/anatase) with an optimized mass ratio, the rich defects in the anatase/TiO 2 −B interface, the mesoporous structure, and the surface-wrapped highly conductive carbon layer. This work demonstrates an innovative approach to construct mesoporous TiO 2 nanocomposites with superior Li + storage performance.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) associated with anxiety or depression is ubiquitous in clinical practice, and multiple related articles have been published. However, studies that utilize bibliometric analyses to address this topic are rare. In our study, we aimed to reveal research trends in IBS with anxiety or depression. Publications on IBS in relation to anxiety or depression in the last 20 years were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace software (5.8.R3) and GraphPad Prism 8 were used to perform bibliometric analysis of authors, countries, institutions, journals, keywords, and references involved in this topic. A total of 2,562 publications from 716 academic journals were included in this study. The majority of publications (n = 833, 32.51%) were from the USA, and the University of California, Los Angeles, contributed the most publications (n = 97, 3.79%). Active cooperations among countries and institutions were observed. Neurogastroenterology and Motility [impact factor (IF) 2020 = 3.598] published the most papers (170 publications, 6.64%), followed by Alimentary Pharmacology Therapeutics (IF 2020 = 8.171; 88 publications; 3.44%). The literatures related to IBS and anxiety or depression were primarily published in journals related to medicine/medical/clinical, neurology/sports/ophthalmology, and molecular/biology/immunology. Cryan JF and Drossman DA, with the largest number of articles (84 publications) and citations (917 citations), respectively, were considered as the most influential authors in this field. A total of 336 co-cited references were divided into 17 clusters, and #1 fecal microbiota transplantation contained most of the documents published in recent years. Moreover, the keyword “psychosocial factor” had the largest burst strength of 13.52, followed by the keyword “gut microbiota” with a burst strength of 11.71. This study shows the research performance of IBS related to anxiety or depression from 2002 to 2021 and helps researchers master the trend in this field, which should receive more attention.

Objectives. The aim of this study is to interpret a quantitative diagnosis model of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes based on computer adaptive testing (CAT), from the perspective of both patients and clinicians. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, patients with postprandial distress syndrome completed the CAT model of TCM syndromes and the Chinese version of the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Functional Digestive Disorders (Chin-FDDQL); the clinicians’ diagnosis was concurrently recorded. The patients completed this questionnaire again after 14 ± 2 days. The kappa test and paired chi-square test were used to evaluate the consistency between the CAT model and clinical diagnosis. Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) of the Chin-FDDQL scores were used to assess clinical efficacy from the patients’ perspective. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between changes in the CAT model syndrome domain scores and changes in clinical outcomes. Results. Changes in the CAT model syndrome domain scores may affect the clinical outcomes of patients with the total scores of Chin-FDDQL (all P < 0.05 ). There was a correlation between changes in the CAT model syndrome domain scores and the patients’ clinical outcomes. Different syndrome elements had different effects on various Chin-FDDQL domains, which was consistent with the theory of TCM. Conclusions. This study proposes a method for the clinical interpretation of the CAT model of TCM syndromes, including evidence derived from the application. It may provide a reference for future interpretation of other CAT models.