BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the influences of herbal tea consumption containing galactagogues on the composition of human milk energy and macro nutrients. MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study conducted between March and May 2018, involving mothers having 0-4 month old infants consuming (n=43) and non-consuming (n=56) herbal tea containing galactagogue. Energy and macronutrients of human milks collected from mothers by hand expression were measured using a human milk analyzer, and retrospective 1-day food consumption records were obtained. Significance level was accepted as p <0.05. ResultsMost preferred herbal tea type consumed by mothers was fennel (58.1%); followed by herbal tea mixture (34.9%) and cumin fennel (4.7%) respectively. It was determined that the consumption of herbal tea containing galactagogues did not affect the energy and macro nutrient content of the human milk (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the type of herbal tea containing galactagogue and the content of human milk (p>0.05). ConclusionIt was determined that the herbal tea containing galactagogue did not affect the content of breast milk energy and macronutrients. Also; it was proposed that the safety, efficacy and possible side effects of these teas should be assessed in larger sample groups and randomized controlled trials.
Background: Traditional fermented foods (TFF), which display positive effects on health, constitute a part of the traditions of a region and have continuity over many years. Familiarity with a product and the naturalness of food are positively associated with general attitudes toward traditional food consumption. Aims: To determine university students’ awareness and consumption of TFF and related factors in Turkey. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the faculties of Marmara University were stratified between January and June 2019, and a questionnaire on TFF consumption and related knowledge and attitudes was administered to 1,233 volunteer students selected using the random sampling method. The normality of data distribution was checked with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the data were analyzed with the chi-square test. Results: The students were familiar with the majority of TFF, with the most common being yoghurt (91.8%) and cheese (88.7%), while hardaliye (27.1%) and olives (27.1%) were less known TFF products. The majority of the students (60.7-99.2%) consumed cheese, yoghurt, pickled olives, pickle, soudjouk, tarhana, vinegar, and butter. The TFF were habitually consumed as industrial products, except tarhana, pickle, and yoghurt. It was also determined that the TFF consumption did not change according to the season in 76.4% of the students, and it was affected by the consumption of parents, whether they lived with their family or alone (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The students showed high awareness of TTF consumption, which was influenced by parent’s consumption and lifestyles. To ensure the continuity of TFF consumption, positive attitudes and behaviors must be maintained. Keywords: Consumption, familiarity, fermented foods, industrial products, Turkey.
Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the influences of herbal galactagogue teas consumption on the composition of human milk energy and macronutrients.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted between 12 March and 30 June 2018, involving mothers having 1-4 month old infants consuming (n=43) and non-consuming (n=56) herbal tea containing galactagogue. Energy and macronutrients of human milk collected from mothers by hand expression were measured using a human milk analyzer, and retrospective 1-day food consumption records were obtained. The significance level was accepted as p < 0.05.Results: Herbal tea consumption was significantly higher in highly educated mothers (p = 0,009). No significant difference was found between the energy and macronutrient content of breast milk of the groups who consumed and did not consume herbal galactagogue tea (p > 0.05). Type of herbal galactagogue tea did not affect the content of human milk (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the average daily energy and macronutrient intakes of the mothers (p > 0.05). Conclusion:The consumption of herbal galactagogue teas did not change HM energy and macronutrient composition. It has been proposed that the safety, efficacy, and possible side effects of these teas should be assessed in larger sample groups and randomized controlled trials
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