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Objectives Periodontal diseases have multifactorial aetiology and are primarily caused by pathogenic bacteria. Using antibacterial mouthwashes as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control can effectively improve the quality of oral hygiene maintenance at home. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of a propolis‐containing mouthwash in gingivitis treatment. Methods This clinical trial evaluated 32 patients with gingivitis in two groups (n=16). The intervention group received a mouthwash containing propolis extract while the control group received the same mouthwash without the propolis extract. The papillary bleeding index (PBI), plaque index (PI) and tooth discoloration were evaluated in each patient at baseline (before the intervention) and at 15 and 30 days, after treatment. To facilitate the follow‐up evaluations, the measurements were recorded for the tooth with the most inflamed gingiva in each quadrant (n = 128). The two groups were compared using the Mann‐Whitney test. Results The change in PI was 85.19 ± 51.6% in the propolis and 83.93 ± 36.1% in the placebo group with no significant difference between them (p = 0.91). The reduction in papillary bleeding index was significantly greater in the propolis group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.001). The change in tooth colour over time was significant in the placebo and insignificant in the propolis group (p = 0.14). Conclusions Considering the current findings, it seems that propolis mouthwash can effectively decrease gingival inflammation and bleeding, without causing tooth discoloration or staining. Considering the limitations of this study such as small sample size (based on participants and also number of teeth included in the study), future studies are warranted on this topic.

Objective:Recent advances in the field of alternative medicine introduced various herbal products for the treatment of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined extracts from Quercus brantii and Coriandrum sativum on periodontal indices in adult periodontitis patients.Methods:In this randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, performed in Isfahan Dental School in 2012, a new herbal medicament containing combined extracts from Q. brantii and C. sativum was formulated in the gel form for subgingival application. Following scaling and root planing (SRP), both herbal and placebo gels were delivered at the experimental and control sites, respectively. Periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level, papilla bleeding index, and plaque index were measured at baseline, 1 month and 3 months later. Both intra-and inter-groups changes were registered. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software, using repeated measure analysis of variance, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests. Differences with P < 0.05 were considered to be significant.Findings:Both groups indicated statistically significant improvements in the periodontal indices (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between two study groups with this regard.Conclusion:The herbal gel does not have considerable advantages over SRP alone as an adjunct in periodontal treatment.

Context:The essential role of a general dental practitioner is recognizing the nature of the oral cavity lesions. Periapical lesions, which are observed in radiographs of patients, may have odontogenic or nonodontogenic origins. This review aimed to study differential diagnosis of common and important periapical lesions. Evidence Acquisition: English-language literature were searched by manual and electronic search with the terms "periapical lesions", "jaw neoplasms", and "non-odontogenic lesions" in three data bases of MEDLINE, Google scholar, and SCOPUS among published studies since 2000 to 2013. All review articles, original articles, case reports, and case series were evaluated. Results: In this study, it has been showed that many periapical lesions have not endodontic origin and not healing by root canal therapy. Conclusions:The authors recommended to have paraclinical tests, especially vitality tests, in addition to clinical and radiographic examinations to avoid endodontic mistreatment. In suspicious cases, biopsy of lesions, referral to pathologist, and long-term fallow-up is required.

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