This study compared differences in degree of happiness, social support, activities performed, and health and economic situation among retirees from urban and rural areas in Minas Gerais State in Brazil. The influences of these predictors over individuals' level of happiness were also analyzed. We included 279 retired individuals living in Abre Campo (a municipality with a population fewer than 20,000 inhabitants, which is considered a rural area) and in Belo Horizonte (a municipality with a population of almost 2.5 million inhabitants, which is considered an urban area). Participants responded to a questionnaire that included scales of happiness, social support, diversity of activities, and issues about satisfaction with health and economic situation. Retirees from the urban area had a higher happiness level than retirees from the rural area (β = 0.16). The most important predictors of happiness were health (β = 0.42), social support (β = 0.26), and economic situation (β = 0.15), but no moderation effects of urban and rural areas were found. Our findings support the implementation of actions to offer financial planning before retirement and to stimulate social support and health promotion for retirees, particularly given the importance of these factors in perception of happiness.

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Retirement does not always represent the final exit from the labor market. Work is one of the most important aspects in people's lives, and a relationship seems to exist between continuity of work during retirement and life satisfaction. This study evaluated the perception of life satisfaction among 230 retirees who were still working. Participants completed a questionnaire containing scales for Life Satisfaction, Job Perception and Reasons for Returning to Work. Correlations and multiple linear regression indicated that perception of the work, satisfaction with income and intrinsic reasons (such as the feeling of productivity) influenced life satisfaction of retirees who returned to work. Our results reinforce the adoption of public and organizational policies to maintain retirees who wish to continue working.Keywords: satisfaction, job satisfaction, retirement, labor market Satisfação com a Vida em Aposentados que Continuam TrabalhandoResumo: Nem sempre a aposentadoria significa a saída definitiva do mercado de trabalho. O trabalho é um dos aspectos mais relevantes na vida das pessoas adultas e parece haver uma relação entre a continuidade do trabalho durante a aposentadoria e a satisfação com a vida. Este estudo avaliou a percepção de 230 aposentados que ainda estavam trabalhando e a satisfação com suas vidas. Os participantes responderam a um questionário contendo escalas de Satisfação com a Vida, Percepção do Trabalho e Motivos para o Retorno ao Trabalho. As correlações e a regressão linear múltipla apontaram que a percepção do trabalho, a satisfação com a renda e os motivos intrínsecos, como o sentimento de produtividade, influenciaram a satisfação com a vida desses aposentados que retornaram ao trabalho. Tais resultados apontam para a necessidade de políticas públicas e organizacionais visando a retenção de aposentados que desejam permanecer trabalhando.Palavras-chave: satisfação, satisfação no trabalho, aposentadoria, mercado de trabalho Satisfacción con la vida en jubilados que permanecen trabajandoResumen: La jubilación no siempre representa la salida definitiva del mercado laboral. El trabajo es uno de los aspectos más importantes en la vida de las personas adultas y parece haber una relación entre la continuidad del trabajo durante la jubilación y la satisfacción con la vida. Este estudio evaluó la percepción de 230 jubilados que aun trabajan y su satisfacción con la vida. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario que contiene las escalas de Satisfacción con la Vida, Percepción del Trabajo y Razones para el Regreso al Trabajo. Las correlaciones y la regresión linear múltiple, demostraron que la percepción del trabajo, la satisfacción con la renta y las razones intrínsecas -como la sensación de la productividad -influyeron en la satisfacción con la vida de estos jubilados. Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad de políticas públicas y organizacionales que permitan la permanencia de jubilados que deseen seguir trabajando.Palabras clave: satisfacción, satisfacción en el trabajo, jubila...

The objective of this systematic literature review was to investigate the variables that would improve well-being in retirement by analyzing relevant empirical studies. In the literature search, six keywords (retirement, positive psychology, well-being, satisfaction, happiness and quality of life) were used in six international academic portals. This search identifi ed 403 articles, and those meeting the preestablished inclusion criteria were extracted. The 55 articles selected were analyzed based on nine categories: language, year, journal, country, objective, dependent variable, instruments, independent variables and results. The studies had a longitudinal, transversal design or reported on instrument creation and validation. The literature review pointed out a large number of variables, confi rming the multidimensionality of the constructs. Aspects highlighted include health, economic situation, gender, marital status, interpersonal relationships, whether retirement was voluntary, retirement duration and leisure activities. A compilation of variables and an agenda for future studies are proposed based on the results of this review.

Com o aumento cada vez mais evidente da população idosa no Brasil, diversas medidas para o bem-estar desta população foram estabelecidas na Política Nacional do Idoso e no Estatuto do Idoso. Dentre estas medidas, destacam-se os programas de preparação para a aposentadoria, apesar de muitas empresas desconhecerem esta obrigatoriedade. A presente pesquisa descritiva teve por objetivo investigar a percepção de 207 gestores – um por organização – sobre os Programas de Preparação para a Aposentadoria – PPA nas organizações. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (60%) com média de idade de 49 anos (26 a 76 anos). Os resultados revelaram que apenas um quarto das organizações adotava o PPA, embora a maioria considerasse sua implantação relevante. Cerca da metade dos gestores respondeu que o programa deveria ser oferecido de três a cinco anos antes da aposentadoria. Quando questionados sobre as medidas que poderiam tomar frente aos trabalhadores mais velhos, a frequência foi maior das medidas que não seriam implantadas, como: a possibilidade reduzir de status hierárquico (84%), licença extra (83%), aposentadoria parcial – meio expediente (78,5%), redução de carga horária (72%). As medidas que seriam implantadas dizem respeito à possibilidade de adequação das tarefas (52,2%), medidas ergonômicas (50,7%) e limite de idade para um trabalho impróprio ou insalubre (44,6%). Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de sensibilizar os gestores especialmente, os de Recursos Humanos quanto ao envelhecimento no contexto organizacional.

A quarter of Portugal’s population is aged 65 years or over, mostly retired individuals. However, there is a lack of studies and instruments to facilitate retirement planning. This study aims to validate the Retirement Resources Inventory in Portugal to use it in future interventions. In total, 450 Portuguese retirees from all regions who responded to the inventory and sociodemographic questions participated in this study. According to the exploratory and confirmatory analyses, 23 items were found, confirming the four-factor model [χ 2 (gl) = 404.63(216); CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.88; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.06], with good evidence of internal and convergent validity. The first factor corresponded to physical and financial aspects, the second to social and family resources, the third to received support, and the fourth to emotional and cognitive resources. We recommend the replication of the RRI in a longitudinal study before and after retirement.

Retirement is one of the most serious challenges facing Brazil currently, considering the rapid pace of population aging, growing social inequalities, and the difficulty that Brazilians have in planning for their financial future. The number of studies on psychosocial factors in retirement is limited. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine Brazilian health workers’ perceptions about financial planning for retirement, based on studies by Hershey and Mowen (2000) . In this study, retirement saving – the dependent variable - is highlighted by the use of a model with the following antecedents: parental influence, retirement goal clarity and retirement planning activity level. The goals of the study were to establish mediating and moderating relationships as an innovative approach to the original model. Data was gathered from 319 workers at a private hospital in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) who filled out a questionnaire concerning their saving behaviors and antecedents. Results indicated a model in which goal clarity mediated the relationship between parental influence and retirement saving, and retirement activity was observed to influence the level of retirement saving. The findings confirmed the complexities of financial planning for retirement, and emphasized important factors, such as parental advice starting in childhood and the effect of this advice on goal clarity. The results also pointed to the role of individual responsibility in the process, which depended on establishing a plan for activities. In addition to parental advice, an educational approach can contribute encouraging saving behaviors and helping retirees achieve financial security in retirement.

Autobiografia orientada para avaliar vida, carreira e planejar para a aposentadoria 1 1 A primeira autora agradece à FAPERJ pelo apoio recebido às pesquisas realizadas sobre avaliação dos programas de preparação para a aposentadoria entre [2014][2015][2016] ArtigoResumo O processo de envelhecimento populacional requer urgência na revisão das diretrizes e práticas organizacionais, como os Programas de Preparação para a Aposentadoria (PPA). Pesquisa recente sobre PPA no Brasil concluiu que é preciso priorizar a sustentabilidade, consistência metodológica e avaliações para confirmar a eficácia desses programas. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar e discutir a aplicabilidade da Autobiografia Orientada (GAB) como método inovador para o planejamento e decisão da aposentadoria. O texto discute a relevância do PPA, os métodos utilizados, princípios e a operacionalização da GAB, sugerindo um roteiro básico para conduzir a avaliação da vida, carreira e os recursos para aposentadoria. Conclui-se que a GAB é uma ferramenta adequada para o planejamento e tomada de decisão na aposentadoria. Palavras-chave: Aposentadoria, tomada de decisão, autobiografia, planejamento Abstract: Guided Autobiography to assess life, career and plan for retirement The aging population process requires urgency in reviewing organizational guidelines and practices, such as the Retirement Preparation Programs known as PPA. A recent research regarding PPA in Brazil concluded that priority should be given to sustainability, methodological consistency and evaluations to confirm the effectiveness of these programs. The purpose of this study was to present and discuss the applicability of the Guided Autobiography (GAB) as an innovative method to evaluate life, career and resources for retirement. The text discusses the relevance of the PPA, used methods, GAB principles and procedures, suggesting a basic guide for conducting life, career and retirement resource assessment. In conclusion, the GAB seems a suitable tool for planning and decision making in retirement. Keywords: Retirement; decision making; autobiography; planning Resumen: Autobiografía orientada para evaluar vida, carrera y planear la jubilación El proceso de envejecimiento poblacional requiere urgencia en la revisión de directrices y prácticas organizativas, como Programas de Preparación para la Jubilación (PPA). Un estudio reciente sobre los PPA en Brazil concluyó que es necesario priorizar la sostenibilidad, consistencia metodológica y evaluaciones que confirmen la eficacia de estos programas. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar y discutir la aplicabilidad de la Autobiografía Orientada (GAB) como método innovador para evaluar la vida-carrera y resources para la jubilación. El texto discute la relevancia de PPA, métodos utilizados, principios e operacionalización de la GAB, sugiriendo un itinerario básico para evaluar vida, carrera y recursos para jubilación. Se concluye que la GAB es una herramienta adecuada para tomar decisión e planear la jubilación. Palabras clave: Jubilación; ...