Objetivo. Analizar el acceso a servicios preventivos de ITS/VIH en trabajadoras sexuales en zonas fronterizas de Centroamérica. Material y métodos. Estudio cuasi experimental en una muestra no aleatoria de 558 trabajadoras sexuales, en zonas fronterizas de Centroamérica con y sin intervenciones relacionadas con información sobre derechos humanos, comportamiento sexual, acceso a información sobre prevención/transmisión, condones, pruebas de vih, anticoncepción, atención médica y uso de condón. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se estimaron modelos de regresión logística para identificar factores asociados con el uso de condón. Resultados. Las trabajadoras sexuales de comunidades con intervención presentaron mayor acceso a información preventiva (99 vs 87%), condones (98 vs 75%), pruebas de VIH (89 vs 61%), anticonceptivos (74 vs 65%), servicios ginecológicos (83 vs 57%) y mayor posibilidad –3.9 (IC:1.2-12.7)– de usar condón con clientes respecto a las que no tuvieron intervención. Conclusiones. Las diferencias observadas deben considerarse en un marco relacionado con características socioculturales y de movilidad poblacional en contextos fronterizos, así como de organización de los servicios de salud.
A qualitative and quantitative approach forms the base of this analysis of the results of "Vida Digna," a project aimed at abating stigma and discrimination in the HIV transmission field with actions taken by civil society organizations from 2005 to 2009 in the Mexican region of El Bajío. The results were analyzed in 2009 and 2010. The organizations involved were made up of key populations, defined as groups vulnerable to infection but also capable of resisting and controlling the transmission of HIV and the stigma and discrimination that are important barriers in the seeking of care and the achievement of effective HIV control. We describe and analyze the actions taken and the strengthening of the participating organizations. The visibility of new social actors such as transgender women and injecting drug users, as well as informative activities directed at journalists, the police and the military to prevent the criminalization and persecution of these groups, are highlighted.
Resumen: Se plantea un análisis ético de aspectos relacionados con la introducción de nuevas vacunas contra el Virus del Papiloma Humano en México, cuya política de distribución atiende a la equidad más que a la igualdad y tiene como ejes fundamentales abarcar a las personas más vulnerables y al costo más bajo posible, es decir, atiende a los principios de justicia distributiva. El esquema inicial de vacunación contra este virus en México se ha focalizado a la población femenina más marginada, la cual se concentra en las mujeres indígenas. Las estrategias de distribución de nuevas vacunas deberán tomar en consideración las características específicas en que se desenvuelven estos grupos y analizar las implicaciones éticas que tales medidas conllevan. Sin ello, una política de salud pública podría aumentar las desigualdades en materia de salud.Palabras clave: política de vacunación México, vacuna VPH, cuestionamientos éticos, inequidades y desigualdades en salud, justicia distributiva, política focalizadaThe policy focused on the HPV vaccination program against Human Papilloma Virus in Mexico: ethics aspects Abstract: This article raises an ethical analysis of issues related to the introduction of new vaccines againstHuman Papillomavirus in Mexico, whose distribution policy attend to equity more than equality, and has as fundamental axes to cover the most vulnerable people and the lowest cost possible, i.e. serving the principles of distributive justice. The initial scheme of vaccination against this virus in Mexico has been focused on the most marginalized female population, which focuses on indigenous women. Distribution strategies for new vaccines must take into account the specific characteristics that develop these groups and analyze the ethical implications that such measures will involve; without this public health policy could increase health inequalities. Key words:Mexico's vaccination policy, HPV vaccine, ethical issues, inequities and inequalities in health, distributive justice, focalized policy Na política centrada no programa de vacinação contra o HPV no México: Suas dilema éticoResumo: O propósito foi fazer uma análise ética das questões relacionadas com a introdução de novas vacinas contra o Papilomavírus Humano, no México, cuja política de distribuição serve apenas para a equidade mais do que para a igualdade e tem como eixos fundamentais abrangir os mais vulneráveis e os menores custos possíveis, isto é, servindo aos princípios de justiça distributiva. O regime inicial da vacinação contra esse vírus no México tem sido focado na população feminina mais marginalizada, que incide sobre as mulheres indígenas. As estraté-gias de distribuição de novas vacinas devem tomar em consideração as características específicas que desses grupos e analisar as implicações éticas que tais medidas implicam, sem isso a política de saúde pública poderia aumentar as desigualdades na saúde.Palavras-chave: política de vacinação México, Vacina contra o HPV, questões éticas, as iniqüidades e desigualdades em saúde, justiça...
The epidemiological and economic burden of diabetes poses one of the main challenges for health systems worldwide. This is particularly relevant in middle-income countries because of the constant growing trends that have been observed in recent years. In order to identify trends and challenges on epidemiological and economic burden from diabetes in a middle-income country we developed a longitudinal analysis on costs and trends in the number of cases of diabetes in Mexico. The study population included total annual cases of diabetes at national level. Regarding the annual cumulative incidence for 2016 versus 2018, depending on the institution there is an increase of 9-13% (p < 0.001). Comparing the economic burden from incidence in 2016 versus 2018 (p < 0.05), there is a 26% increase. The total amount for diabetes in 2017 (US dollars) was $9,684,780,574. It includes $ 4,292,085,964 in direct costs and $ 5,392,694,610 in indirect costs. The total direct costs are: $ 510,986,406 for uninsured population; $ 1,416,132,058 for insured population; $ 2,235,969,330 for users' pockets. This is an example of what is happening in the management of diabetes care in middle-income countries and we suggest review and rethinking strategies of prevention, planning, organisation and resource allocation.
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impacts of the care to the population displaced by violence on the health system and the challenges that this entails.METHODS This is a narrative review of the national and international literature in PubMed, SciELO, WHO/PAHO, and Bireme. Inclusion criteria were date of publication (from 2000), relation with the subject, and language (Spanish or English). We found 292 documents, of which 91 met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS The main challenges are the intersectoral, participatory, and integral approach (with emphasis on mental health and sexual and reproductive health), ensured accessibility to health services, the need for a reliable registration and information system of the population displaced by violence and its characteristics, and the addressing of the biopsychosocial problems of the different groups, especially women, persons with disabilities or infectious diseases, adolescents, children, ethnic minorities, older adults and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, and intersexual population.CONCLUSIONS The lack of political will to accept and see the internal displacement by violence and its importance as a humanitarian and public health problem is an obstacle to the adequate and timely care of the population displaced by violence in Mexico.
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