Trends and challenges in diabetes for middle-income countries: Evidence from Mexico

Abstract

The epidemiological and economic burden of diabetes poses one of the main challenges for health systems worldwide. This is particularly relevant in middle-income countries because of the constant growing trends that have been observed in recent years. In order to identify trends and challenges on epidemiological and economic burden from diabetes in a middle-income country we developed a longitudinal analysis on costs and trends in the number of cases of diabetes in Mexico. The study population included total annual cases of diabetes at national level. Regarding the annual cumulative incidence for 2016 versus 2018, depending on the institution there is an increase of 9-13% (p < 0.001). Comparing the economic burden from incidence in 2016 versus 2018 (p < 0.05), there is a 26% increase. The total amount for diabetes in 2017 (US dollars) was $9,684,780,574. It includes $ 4,292,085,964 in direct costs and $ 5,392,694,610 in indirect costs. The total direct costs are: $ 510,986,406 for uninsured population; $ 1,416,132,058 for insured population; $ 2,235,969,330 for users' pockets. This is an example of what is happening in the management of diabetes care in middle-income countries and we suggest review and rethinking strategies of prevention, planning, organisation and resource allocation.

Contribution of rs3211938 polymorphism at CD36 to glucose levels, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance, and body mass index in Mexican mestizos with type-2 diabetes from western Mexico

“…Diabetes is an epidemic disease with a high death rate over the last 10 years. In 2018, Mexico occupied the sixth place worldwide in diabetes prevalence, and specialists have stated that the country will rise to the fifth place for 2025 (27,28). Approximately 93 % of the total Mexican population are mestizos, and western Mexico, specifically the state of Jalisco, presents a racial admixture of Amerindian in 12 %, African in 9 %, Euroasian in 19 %, and European in 60 % ( 7) of the population.…”

Análisis y reflexiones sobre la iniciativa de reforma a la Ley General de Salud de México 2019

“…Como estrategia de reducción del gasto de bolsillo de los hogares, el Insabi podría tener un impacto enorme en el bienestar de los hogares, sobre todo en aquéllos con personas que sufren padecimientos crónicos como diabetes e hipertensión y que a través de su gasto de bolsillo cubren poco más de la mitad del gasto total de la atención de estas enfermedades. [20][21][22][23] La factibilidad financiera del Insabi estará determinada, por un lado, por la cartera y la estructura de los servicios que requiere la población sin seguridad social y que serán ofrecidos por dicho Instituto; por otro lado, los fondos, fuentes y flujos de financiamiento y los criterios que se utilizarán para transferir los recursos a los estados -como pagos capitados o pagos según intervenciones prestadas -son aspectos clave que afectarán la viabilidad de la propuesta.…”

Personality Traits and Self-Care Behaviors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…In Mexico, indirect costs of diabetes were for disability and premature death (5.3 billion) and direct costs of care (4.2 billion), 35% of costs were to the patients with major complications. 5 Self-care is an integral aspect of human life, and its requirements become more complex while living with chronic diseases. 6 However, self-care in T2DM is considered to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications.…”