The accomplishments of Latin American social medicine remain little known in the English-speaking world. In Latin America, social medicine differs from public health in its definitions of populations and social institutions, its dialectic vision of "health-illness," and its stance on causal inference. A "golden age" occurred during the 1930s, when Salvador Allende, a pathologist and future president of Chile, played a key role. Later influences included the Cuban revolution, the failed peaceful transition to socialism in Chile, the Nicaraguan revolution, liberation theology, and empowerment strategies in education. Most of the leaders of Latin American social medicine have experienced political repression, partly because they have tried to combine theory and political practice--a combination known as "praxis." Theoretic debates in social medicine take their bearings from historical materialism and recent trends in European philosophy. Methodologically, differing historical, quantitative, and qualitative approaches aim to avoid perceived problems of positivism and reductionism in traditional public health and clinical methods. Key themes emphasize the effects of broad social policies on health and health care; the social determinants of illness and death; the relationships between work, reproduction, and the environment; and the impact of violence and trauma.
Se estudian los juicios de los individuos acerca del período del gobierno del Presidente Allende en Chile, particularmente la crisis que se agudizó en los años 1972 y 1973, que precedió al golpe militar de septiembre de 1973 y la instauración de una dictadura. Se enfatiza en la perspectiva de las personas corrientes, en base a inéditos datos de una encuesta panel aplicada durante el período por un equipo de investigadores encabezados por Eduardo Hamuy, uno de los fundadores de la sociología en Chile. Se sigue a las mismas personas entre el momento previo a la agudización dela crisis y luego cuando ésta ya había madurado, distinguiendo a los encuestados según su posición con respecto al apoyo al Presidente. La evolución de la opinión de las personas encuestadas amplía el conocimiento sobre el período a nivel microsocial en la sociedad chilena. A partir de los individuos encuestados, se analizan aspectos claves relacionados con género, clase social, identidad política y opinión sobre los principales problemas del país.
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