This work addresses the evaluation of the ability of ionic liquid cations on the formation of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS's), with K 2 HPO 4 or a mixture of inorganic salts, K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 , aiming at controlling the pH values of the coexisting aqueous phases. Using chloride-based ionic liquids, the effects of the cation core, the length of the alkyl side chain, and the positional isomerism on ABS formation ability were investigated. All binodal curves were determined by the cloud-point titration method at 298 K. From the obtained phase diagrams it is shown that the biphasic area increases with the cation side chain length, from ethyl to hexyl chains, although for longer chains, an inversion on the binodal curves sequence appears due to the self-aggregation of the longer chain ionic liquids in aqueous solutions. The influence of the cation core and the positional isomerism of the ionic liquids on their ability to form ABS closely correlates with the ionic fluid affinity for water.

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Human milk is seen not only as a food, but as a functional and dynamic biologic system. It provides nutrients, bioactive components, and immune factors, promoting adequate and healthy growth of newborn infants. When mothers cannot supply their children, donated breast milk is the nutrition recommended by the World Health Organization, as it is a better alternative than infant formula. However, because of the manner in which donor milk is handled in human milk banks (HMB) many of the properties ascribed to mother's own milk are diminished or destroyed. The major process responsible for these losses is Holder pasteurization. High-pressure processing (HPP) is a novel nonthermal pasteurization technology that is being increasingly applied in food industries worldwide, primarily as an alternative to thermal treatment. This is due to its capacity to inactivate microorganisms while preserving both nutritional and bioactive components of foods. This review describes human milk composition and preservation, and critically discusses HMB importance and practices, highlighting HPP as a potential nonthermal pasteurization technology for human milk preservation. HPP technology is described and the few currently existing studies of its effects in human milk are presented.

This work addresses the effect of different anions in imidazoliumbased ionic liquids (ILs) through the formation of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) using a phosphate buffer solution (KH 2 PO 4 /K 2 HPO 4 mixture of salts) aiming at controlling the pH value of the coexisting aqueous phases. Twelve ABS were investigated and the corresponding solubility curves were determined by the cloud point titration method at 298 K. In general, the IL anions aptitude to induce the formation of ABS increases with the decrease of the ability of the ions to form hydration complexes, i.e., with the decrease on the hydrogen-bond basicity of individual fluids. This trend is in close agreement to that observed in ABS with different inorganic salts, showing that the ILs rank is not dependent on the saltingout species used.

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