a b s t r a c tThis article integrates seven meta-analyses of individual factors associated with creativity and innovation and reports effects based on one (r) or two or more (r) meta-analyses. Emotional intelligence (r = .31), divergent thinking (r = .27), openness to experience (r = .22), creative personality (r = .21), intrinsic motivation (r = .20), positive affect (r = .19), and androgyny (r = .19) are related to creativity. Age (r = .17), intelligence (r = .17), extraversion (r = .13), self-efficacy (r = .13), and extrinsic motivation (r = .11) were also moderately associated with innovation. Pro-risk attitudes (r = .08) and being female (r = .07) were weakly associated with creativity. Results are discussed, explanatory processes described, and practical implications for organizations examined. © 2015 Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Factores personales y personalidad: metaanálisis de segundo ordenPalabras clave: Creatividad Innovación Género Motivación Personalidad creativa r e s u m e n Este artículo integra siete meta-análisis sobre factores individuales asociados a la creatividad e innovación y estima el efecto en base a uno (r) o varios (r) de ellos. Entre los rasgos que se asocian positivamente a la creatividad se encuentran la inteligencia emocional (r = .31), el pensamiento divergente (r = .27), la apertura a la experiencia (r = .22), la personalidad creativa (r = .21), la motivación intrínseca (r = .20), la afectividad positiva (r = .19) y la androginia (r = .19). La edad (r = .17), la inteligencia (r = .17), la extraversión (r = .13), la auto-eficacia (r = .13) y la motivación extrínseca (r = .11) se asociaron con menor fuerza a la innovación. Una actitud favorable al riesgo (r = .08) y ser mujer (r = .07) se han asociado débilmente a la creatividad. Se discuten los resultados y posibles procesos explicativos y las implicaciones prácticas para el ámbito organizacional.
Objective: Emotional creativity (EC) implies experiencing a complex emotional life, which is becoming increasingly necessary in societies that demand innovation and constant changes. This research studies the relation of EC as a dispositional trait with intrinsic motivation (IM) and academic engagement (AE).Methods: A sample of 428 university Chilean students, 36.5% men and 63.5% women, with ages from 18 to 45 years-old (M = 20.37; DT = 2.71). Additionally, the mediating function of class-related positive emotions in this relation is explored.Results: The obtained data indicate that developing high levels of dispositional EC enhances the activation of positive emotions, such as gratitude, love and hope, in the classroom. Furthermore, EC predicts IM and AE of university students by the experience of positive emotions.Conclusion: These results compel us to be aware of the importance that university students can understand the complexity of the emotional processes they undergo. A greater control of these emotions would allow students to maintain higher levels of interest in their studies at the different educational stages and to avoid the risk of school failure.
El liderazgo transformacional destaca como unos de los tipos de liderazgo más adecuados para orientar las organizaciones hacia el cambio y la innovación. Este estudio se desarrolla en cuatro organizaciones, participando directivos (n = 47) y subordinados (n = 107) en Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa y Navarra (España). El liderazgo transformacional se asocia con más fuerza que el transaccional a la satisfacción con el líder, la efectividad percibida de este y la motivación a trabajar en el caso de los subordinados. En el caso de los directivos el liderazgo transaccional se asocia con la misma fuerza que el transformacional con la satisfacción y efectividad, mostrando este último una relación más fuerte con la motivación que el transaccional. El liderazgo transformacional y la satisfacción con el líder predicen la motivación a trabajar extra, mediante una mayor satisfacción. Se comentan los resultados en relación a los valores dominantes y a la cultura organizacional.
8 March (8M), now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms (i.e., behavioral and attentional synchrony, perceived emotional synchrony, and positive and transcendent emotions) involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal well-being (i.e., affective well-being and beliefs of personal growth) and collective well-being (i.e., social integration variables: situated identity, solidarity and fusion), collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people (age 18–79; M = 30.55; SD = 11.66) from countries in Latin America (Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador) and Europe (Spain and Portugal), with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants (n = 1,271; 94.0% female) and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks (n = 1,583; 75.87% female). Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals.
Se revisan los factores psicosociales de la innovación o creatividad implementada en entornos laborales. Según la evidencia meta-analítica, la complejidad, autonomía y expectativas de creatividad del rol laboral (r-= .30), la integración organizacional, la existencia de recursos organizacionales, la flexibilidad organizacional, así como las culturas organizacionales horizontales (r-= .31) se asocian estrechamente a la innovación. Los procesos grupales como la percepción de metas claras, la orientación a la tarea, la cohesión y comunicación externa e interna fluida (r-= .28), el liderazgo positivo, transformacional y de apoyo a la creatividad (r-= .23) y el clima positivo, participativo y de creatividad (r-= .21) también se asocian a la innovación. Se discute la relevancia aplicada y los procesos explicativos y se presenta una escala diseñada para evaluar la presencia en las organizaciones de los factores que facilitan la innovación.
We analyzed 12 studies from North America, South America, Europe, and Oceania (New Zealand) on the association between fear of crime and subjective well-being. These studies gather data from 39 countries and 407,474 subjects. Heterogeneity was found between the studies. The random effect model showed an average effect of =-.15 (ρ =-.21). Two of the studies estimated fear of crime with a single generic question and five studies assessed subjective well-being through one item of satisfaction with life. Meta-regression showed that the effect was superior in younger samples, with affective measurement of well-being in comparison with cognitive ones, of mono-item (versus multi-items) and in the countries of Latin America, suggesting that in contexts of greater frequency and seriousness of the crime the fear of crime negatively affects subjective well-being. The diffuse or concrete nature of the measure of fear did not show a significant moderator effect. Limitations of the study and proposals for future research are discussed. Los efectos del miedo al delito en el bienestar subjetivo: revisión metaanalítica R E S U M E N Se analizaron 12 estudios de Norteamérica, Latinoamérica, Europa y Oceanía (Nueva Zelanda) con respecto a la asociación entre el miedo al delito y el bienestar subjetivo. Los estudios reúnen información de 39 países y 407,474 sujetos. Se encontró heterogeneidad entre los estudios. El modelo de efectos aleatorios mostró un efecto promedio de =-.15 (ρ =-.21). Dos estudios evaluaron el miedo al delito con una sola pregunta genérica, mientras que cinco estudios midieron el bienestar subjetivo con un ítem de satisfacción con la vida. La meta-regresión mostró que el efecto fue superior en muestras más jóvenes, con medidas afectivas del bienestar subjetivo en comparación con medidas cognitivas de un solo ítem (versus medidas poli-item), y en países de Latinoamérica, sugiriendo que en contextos de mayor frecuencia y severidad del crimen el miedo al delito afecta negativamente al bienestar subjetivo. La naturaleza difusa o concreta de la medida de miedo al delito no mostró un efecto moderador. Se debaten las limitaciones del estudio y las propuestas para futuras investigaciones.
ResumenUn estudio retrospectivo transversal con 304 estudiantes universitarios y sus familiares indagó sobre el hecho de cambio extremo más importante de los últimos años, su impacto en las creencias básicas y en el crecimiento personal posterior al hecho. Los hechos positivos refuerzan mucho más las creencias básicas positivas de lo que los negativos transforman estas creencias de positivas en neutras. En cambio, los hechos positivos las transforman de positivas en muy positivas. El desarrollo de nuevas posibilidades y cambio de prioridades en la vida los producen tanto hechos positivos como negativos extremos. Los hechos negativos producen específicamente efectos de crecimiento en la fortaleza personal y en darse cuenta que se puede contar con otros o mejorar las relaciones con otros. El cambio de creencias básicas se asoció congruentemente con el crecimiento personal en el caso de hechos positivos y ambivalentes. Palabras clave: cambio vital, creencias básicas, crecimiento post-estrés, bienestar. AbstractA retrospective cross-sectional study with a sample of 304 university students and relatives asked about the most important recent extreme life change events, its impact on basic beliefs and on personal growth following the life event. Positive events reinforce positive basic beliefs much more than negative events transform these beliefs from positive to neutral. On the other hand, positive events transform them from positive into highly positive. It was also found that extreme positive events generate as much growth or flourishing after its onset as negative events. The development of new possibilities and changes of life priorities are produced by both positive and negative extreme events. Negative events specifically produce growth effects of reinforcement of personal strength and of valuing social support. Changes in basic beliefs are congruently associated with personal growth in the case of positive and ambivalent events.
This article analyses the assessments of Truth Commissions (TCs) and their association with positive socio-emotional climate and trust in institutions in six South American countries The sample consisted of 4,442 participants (53.3% women), 13 to 90-years-old (M = 37.4, SD = 15.7). Participants answered a questionnaire comprised of scales that evaluated their knowledge, evaluation, emotions and social sharing about the TC, as well as the socio-emotional climate and the trust in institutions. Comprehensive Meta-analysis procedure and multiple linear regression were carried out. Positive evaluation of the TCs was related to trust in institutions (r̅ = .23, random model) and a positive socio-emotional climate (r̅ = .31, random model). Political positioning and age showed limited effects. Finally, the associations of positive TC evaluation with social climate and trust in institutions were found to be positively moderated by contextual factors. RESUMENEste artículo analiza las evaluaciones de las Comisiones de la verdad (CV) en seis países sudamericanos y su relación con el clima socioemocional positivo y la confianza en las instituciones. La muestra estaba compuesta por 4,442 participantes (53.3% mujeres), de entre 13 y 90 años (M = 37.4, DT = 15.7). Los participantes completaron un cuestionario formado por escalas que medían sus conocimientos, la evaluación, sus emociones y el compartir social de las CV, así como el clima socioemocional y la confianza en las instituciones. Se llevó a cabo un procedimiento en el programa Comprehensive Meta-analysis ARTICLE HISTORY
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