No abstract

Daily subcutaneous injection of 6-dimethylamino purine, 3-amino-d-ribose, an aminonucleoside related to "puromycin."$ ( 1) into immature male rats for 10 to 12 days results in generalized edema, ascites? marked proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipemia, and azotemia. The clinical complex and renal pathology closely resemble the nephrotic syndrome occurring in children. This initial report describes the renal lesions and electrolyte composition of edematous tissues in the rat. The observations indicate that the renal lesion involves both the glomerulus and the convoluted tubule: that skin, an essentially extracellular phase tissue, is the largest tissue reservoir for edema fluid; and that the electrolyte structure of muscle cells is only slightly altered during edema.Thirty-six 40 g male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were caged individually and pair-fed on a standard synthetic diet containing 16% W AV vitamin-free casein. After a preliminary adjustment period, 18 rats (experimental group) were injected daily with 0.003 ml of a 0.5% aqueous solution of the drug per gram of body weight for 12 days. The control rats were injected with similarly calculated doses of distilled water. Twelve animals in each group were given an oral load of M / l NaC1 solution daily by stomach tube in a dose of 1 mM/100 g of body weight for the last 4 days of injection. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection. At the time of sacrifice under Evipal anesthesia the hair was carefully Procedure.

Air pollution induces systemic infl ammation, as well as respiratory, myocardial and brain infl ammation in children. Peak bone mass is infl uenced by environmental factors. We tested the hypothesis that six-yearolds with lifetime exposures to urban air pollution will have alterations in infl ammatory markers and bone mineral density (BMD) as opposed to low-polluted city residents when matched for BMI, breast feeding history, skin phototype, age, sex and socioeconomic status. This pilot study included 20 children from Mexico City (MC) (6.17 years ± 0.63 years) and 15 controls (6.27 years ± 0.76 years). We performed full paediatric examinations, a history of outdoor exposures, seven-day dietary recalls, serum infl ammatory markers and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Children in MC had signifi cantly higher concentrations of IL-6 (p=0.001), marked reductions in total blood neutrophils (p= 0.0002) and an increase in monocytes (p=0.005). MC children also had an insuffi cient Vitamin D intake and spent less time outdoors than controls (p<0.001) in an environment characterized by decreased UV light, with ozone and fi ne particulates concentrations above standard values. There were no signifi cant differences between the cohorts in DXA Z scores. The impact of systemic infl ammation, vitamin D insuffi ciency, air pollution, urban violence and poverty may have long-term bone detrimental outcomes in exposed paediatric populations as they grow older, increasing the risk of low bone mass and osteoporosis. The selection of reference populations for DXA must take into account air pollution exposures.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract