The dental pulp can be affected by thermal, physical, chemical, and bacterial phenomena that stimulate the inflammatory response. The pulp tissue produces an immunological, cellular, and vascular reaction in an attempt to defend itself and resolve the affected tissue. The expression of different microRNAs during pulp inflammation has been previously documented. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small molecules involved in the transcription of genes that regulate the immune system and the inflammatory response. They are present in cellular and physiological functions, as well as in the pathogenesis of human diseases, becoming potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and safety. Previous studies have evidenced the different roles played by miRNAs in proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunological phenomena in the dental pulp, highlighting specific key functions of pulp pathology. This systematized review aims to provide an understanding of the role of the different microRNAs detected in the pulp and their effects on the expression of the different target genes that are involved during pulp inflammation.
Aim To evaluate whether treatment with resiniferatoxin (RTX) is capable of lowering the plasma levels of PGE2 and TNF‐α, as well as histopathological parameters in inflammation of pulp tissue in a mouse experimental model. Methodology Ten groups of six BALB/c mice were formed as follows: healthy group (HC), healthy group treated with RTX (HRTX), two groups with pulp inflammation at 14 and 18 hours (PI14/PI18), six groups with pulpal inflammation plus treatment with Ibuprofen (IBU14/IBU18), dexamethasone (DEX14/DEX18) and resiniferatoxin (RTX14/RTX18) at 14 and 18 hours, respectively. Pulpal inflammation was induced through occlusal exposure of the pulp of the maxillary first molar. The plasma levels of PGE2 and TNF‐α and the histological parameters of the pulp tissue of the HC and HRTX groups were evaluated at the time of acquiring the animals. In the other groups, the plasma levels of PGE2 and TNF‐α and the histopathological parameters were evaluated at 14 and 18 hours after pulp damage. Plasma levels of PGE2 and TNF‐α were quantified by ELISA, and the histopathological parameters were evaluated by H/E staining. Statistical significance was determined by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for overall differences between group means. Results A significant increase (*p < .05) in plasma levels of PGE2 and TNF‐α occurred 14 and 18 hours after pulp damage. In addition, treatment with RTX significantly decreased (*p < .05) the plasma levels of PGE2 and TNF‐α at 14 and 18 hours after pulp damage, as well as the infiltrate of inflammatory cells at 18 hours after pulp damage, similarly to treatment with ibuprofen and dexamethasone. Conclusion It was possible to detect systemic levels of PGE2 and TNF‐α at 14 and 18 hours after pulp damage. Likewise, treatment with RTX was associated with an anti‐inflammatory effect similar to treatment with ibuprofen and dexamethasone. These findings place resiniferatoxin as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in Dentistry.
Objectives The purpose of this study was the creation and validation of an instrument to evaluate adherence to occupational health protocols used in dentistry that arise from official regulations and international recommendations on infection control, biosafety, and occupational health in dentistry. Additionally, in May 2017 the effectiveness of the instrument was documented within the dental care clinics in the postgraduate area. Methods The instrument was developed based on constructs of occupational health, infection control, and biosafety in dentistry, made up of 21 indicators of 5 dimensions called protocols. Using direct observation through 35 measurements during 1 week, adherence to occupational health protocols was evaluated in postgraduate residents within the clinical sections of endodontics/pediatric dentistry, periodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics. Results The instrument presents an index of 0.88 in Cronbach's alpha analysis. There is a 34.4% adherence within the postgraduate dental clinic to the proposed occupational health protocols. The protocol with the highest adherence at 41.1% was the personal protection protocol. The periodontics section had a 52.9% observance of the proposed protocols and had the highest adherence to occupational health protocols. Conclusions The proposed instrument is valid and reliable to evaluate adherence to the proposed occupational health protocols within dental care clinics. Dental clinics must be inspected and evaluated to ensure adherence to infection control, biosafety, and occupational health protocols within routine dental practice.
This paper aimed to present a clinical case presenting an unusual periapical radiolucent lesion, its approach and treatment, and as an element of differential diagnosis in periapical pathology. Foreign body granuloma (FBG) is a tissue reaction that is triggered by the deposit of a foreign material affecting the skin and internal organs that the immune system tries to delimit and, if possible, eliminate. FBG may constitute a complication of a surgical procedure or a new pathology for the patient, which precedes an iatrogenic event causing diagnostic difficulties. This study presented an unusual periapical radiolucent lesion in a male patient with a periapical radiolucent area found in panoramic radiography; the lesion was enucleated, histopathologically confirming an FBG, which was the result of a biomaterial used in surgery for nasal polyps and deviated septum performed years before. This case shows us a very unusual presentation of an FBG within the maxillary bone after surgery for nasal polyps and deviated septum. The appropriate use of the available imaging tools and histopathological study and interpretation is emphasized, to be able to carry out a successful long-term treatment with the lowest chances of recurrence. In addition, an interdisciplinary approach is very important, which leads us to the comprehensive treatment of the patient. The proper use of diagnostic and imaging methods that we currently have, as well as knowledge of differential diagnoses, is essential to successfully diagnose and treat injuries in the maxillofacial area.
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